Secondary Electron Spray Ionization Interface and high resolution mass spectrometer

二次电喷雾电离-质谱仪(SESI-MS)能够实时分析气体样品中的有机化合物，灵敏度在pmol/L范围内。与通常使用的技术(例如PTR-MS、SIFT-MS)不同，SESI-MS也适用于分子质量为几百道尔顿的化合物。仪器的高分辨率使单一化合物和复杂混合物的鉴定变得容易。在现有呼吸研究专业知识的基础上，将获得新的基础知识，因为可以确定到目前还无法分析的化合物。这些结果将为创新的非侵入性诊断和疾病监测提供独特的潜力。通过新仪器，正在进行的关于治疗控制和机械通气优化的研究将继续并扩大。除了已经建立的关于机械通气患者监测的研究活动外，还将开展许多合作项目：扩大我们对儿童的研究，我们将收集关于慢性肾脏疾病代谢适应和儿科糖尿病代谢后遗症的更多知识。在创伤医生和骨科医生的合作下，绝经后妇女(&gt；50y)的骨代谢将通过非侵入性呼吸分析进行评估。关节移植物的不良影响及其与生物体的相互作用将在研究生院内进行非侵入性调查。随着新的化合物类别的评估，将继续和扩大在测功挑战下的研究。挥发性呼吸生物标志物可以反映与能源生产和燃料消耗有关的代谢过程。此外，低氧的影响也可以在呼吸中看到。通过这种方式，可以无创地评估训练的效果，并可以及时识别缺氧或缺血的风险。干细胞的分化可以通过细胞培养中的顶空分析来监测。在这种情况下，我们需要新的仪器来确定新的化合物类别(例如氨基酸)是否可以用作干细胞监测的生物标记物。上呼吸道的病毒感染促进了继发性细菌感染，这可能会对患者的预后产生很大影响。有关流感病毒和继发性细菌感染的重要病原体，如肺炎链球菌、猪链球菌、化脓性链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的病原学方面将在体外和体内进行评估。活体研究将在猪身上进行，因为它们代表着流感感染的天然“混合容器”。到目前为止取得的有希望的成果将通过新材料的成果加以扩展。这些研究的结果将建立一个全面的数据库。从这些数据中可以获得有关呼吸生物标志物的有价值的基本信息，促进它们用于各种疾病的非侵入性和快速诊断(感染、新陈代谢)和治疗控制。

Secondary-Electrospray-Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (SESI-MS) enables real time analysis of organic compounds from gaseous samples with sensitivity in the pmol/L range. In contrast to commonly employed technologies (e.g. PTR-MS, SIFT-MS) SESI-MS is also applicable to compounds having molecular masses of several hundred Daltons. Identification of single compounds and complex mixtures is facilitated through the high resolution of the instrument. Based upon the existing expertise in breath research, novel fundamental knowledge will be acquired as chemical compounds can be determined which could not be analyzed up to now. These results will provide unique potential for innovative non-invasive diagnostics and disease monitoring. Ongoing investigations on therapy control and optimization of mechanical ventilation will be continued and enlarged by means of the new instrument. Beyond the already established research activities concerning monitoring of mechanically ventilated patients, numerous cooperation projects will be undertaken:Enlarging our studies in children we will gather enhanced knowledge on metabolic adaptation in chronic kidney disease and on metabolic sequelae of paediatric diabetes. In cooperation with traumatologists and orthopaedics, bone metabolism of postmenopausal women (> 50y) will be assessed by means of non-invasive breath analysis. Adverse effects of joint grafts and their interaction with the organism will be investigated non-invasively within a graduate school. Studies under ergometric challenge will be continued and extended, as new classes of compounds can be assessed. Volatile breath biomarkers can mirror metabolic processes linked to energy production and fuel consumption. In addition, effects of hypoxia may be seen in breath. In this way, efficacy of training can be evaluated non-invasively and risks of hypoxia or ischemia can be recognized in time. Differentiation of stem cells can be monitored by means of headspace analysis in cell cultures. In this context, we need the new instrument to find out whether new classes of chemical compounds (e.g. amino acids) could be used as biomarkers in stem cell monitoring. Viral infections in the upper airways facilitate secondary bacterial infections which may considerably impact onto patients‘ outcome. Pathogenetic aspects concerning influenza virus and important agents of secondary bacterial infections such as S. pneumoniae, S. suis, S. pyogenes and S. aureus will be assessed in vitro and in vivo. In vivo studies will be undertaken in pigs, as they represent the natural „mixing vessel“ of influenza infections. Promising results obtained so far will be expanded through results from new substances.Results from these studies will establish a comprehensive database. From this data valuable and fundamental information on breath biomarkers can be obtained fostering their use for non-invasive and fast diagnosis of various diseases (infection, metabolism) and therapy control.