Biological and Chemistry in Adaptation of Highland Plants

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Drs. T. Takada, K. Hieda, and R. Hanai, all from Rikkyo University, carried out a field work at East Tibet in August, 1999. Continuously, Drs. C. Kuroda and J. Suhara botanized at Yunnan areas in August, 2000 and 2001. A survey of floweing plants, measurment of UV intensity, collection of barley for analysis of trace rare-earth elements, adaptation of bryophytes to environmental chenges, and the chemical components of various Ligularia spceies were studied.It was found from these field works to draw the following facts :1. Elements determined were Ti, V, Zn, W, Au, Pb, and rare earth elements in barley samples by ICP-MS method. The results showed increasing concentration of trace metal elements in stems and whisker than seeds. The results are also presented that the Tibetan barley samples contained much higher levels of rare earth metals (the highest conc. : Ce 1.05 μg/g, the lowest conc. : Dy 0.05 μg/g in seeds) than that of Japan.2. A plant observed on most of the route was Delphiniu … More m, of which several species were found. Species with smaller plant sizes but with larger flowers were found in regions with larger elevation and drier and chiller climate, as the trip proceeded, westward.3. Morphologies typical of cold regions were observed. For instance, the "green-house" morphology was observed for Saussarea and Ajuga species. Many species with the "cushion" morphology were also observed.4. A new allele, designated as "Y-type", was identified in north Yunnan (near Kunming), on the other hand, samples in south Yunnan had the S-type allele. The results seem to indicate that C. japonicum in Japan mostly originated in south Yunnan. The plant in north Yunnan (Lijian, Dali, Kunming, Zhaotong, and Daguan) was identified that the rbcL allele of all the samples was the Y-type.5. It was found that the main component of L. lankongensis and L. alatipes are eremophilan-7(11)-en-8-one(compound 1) and bakkenolide A(compound 3), respectively. While benzofuran derivative (compound 4) was isolated from L. longihastata as the major component.6. It was found that the plant cultured cells of Caragana chamlagu are more effective as biocatalyzer for allylic oxidation of terpenoids. Less