An anthropological study on local systems for environmental conservation and social control

该项目的第一个目的是在密集的人类学田野调查的基础上，核实某个社区为保护当地生态环境(如森林和小河流)而创造和发展的知识和做法。第二个目的是建立一个可供选择的环境人类学理论模型，并通过充分利用这种以当地生活为中心的模型来为复杂的政策制定过程做出贡献。项目成员从这个共同的角度在日本以及非洲和亚洲的几个农村和城市社区进行了比较田野调查。主要成果如下：我们的成员实现了以地方生活为中心的环境研究范式的重建，对地方环境保护制度进行了详细的验证。尽管它们远不是显性的，并嵌入到某个当地社区的日常生活中，但这些系统很难发挥作用。当然，它们从来都不是自治的政治，而是与更广泛的宏观社会系统联系在一起，并包括在更广泛的宏观社会系统中，比如现代民族国家。但我们的研究结果显示，针对这样一个更广泛的制度，他们已经形成了相对的自主权，并一直在谈判、妥协、服从和抵制。在这些丰硕的成果的基础上，我们将使人类学的环境范式发生转变，更加关注当地的生活世界，并能够为实际的环境保护政策制定过程做出贡献

The first aim of this project is to verify knowledge and practices that a certain community has created and developed for conservation of local ecological environment such as forest and small rivers based on intensive anthropological fieldworks. The second purpose is to build an alternative theoretical model of anthropology of environment and to contribute to a complicated policy-making process by making full use of this local-lives-centered model.The project members have done comparative fieldwork from this common perspective at several rural and urban communities in Japan as well as in Africa and Asia. The main results are as follows,Our members have achieved reconstruction of the local-lives-centered paradigm of environmental studies, making detailed verification of the local systems for environmental conservation. Though they are far from explicit and embedded in the everyday lives of a certain local community, these systems are hard at work. As a matter of course they are never autonomous polity and have been articulated with and included in the wider macro social system like modern nation-state. But our research findings showed that they have developed a relative autonomy against such a wider system and have been negotiating, compromising, subordinating and resisting. These processes are recorded and analyzed thoroughly at each field community.On these fruitful results, we would make a paradigm shift of environment of anthropology with much more attention to the local life world and will able to contribute to the actual policy-making process for environmental conservation