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Evolution of host plant utilization patterns in herbivorous insects viewed from molecular phylogenies of plants and herbivores

从植物和食草动物的分子系统发育来看食草昆虫宿主植物利用模式的演变

基本信息

批准号：
12440217
负责人：
KATO Makoto
金额：
$ 8.51万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We investigate the history and process of diversification of both the plants and their herbivores by using molecular phylogenetic techniques. We collected various groups of herbivores and their host plants from Japan, Taiwan, Burma, Malaysia, Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia and Chile for the analyses. The insect groups which we investigated are as follows: (1) leaf-miners of Diptera (Agromyzidae, Tephritidae, Pallopteridae), Lepidoptera (Gracillariidae, Agathiphagidae, Micropterigidae) and Coleoptera, (2) Seed-parasites of Gracillariidae, (3) pollinators (Apidae and other various insects).We found some interesting plant-herbivore interactions on primitive plant clades. Larvae of Mimectatina meridiana ohirai (Cerambycidae) were found mining megasporophylls and dead frond rachises of cycads. This is the first record of the cerambycid leaf-miner. I found dipteran leaf-miners on microphylls of Huperzia serratium (Lycopodiaceae) at Ashu, Kyoto. This is the first record of dipteran hervigores in Licopodiales.When studying seed-parasitic insects, we found a novel obligate pollination mutualism between Glochidion trees and its seed-parasitic gracillariid moths. In the mutualism, Glochidion trees are actively pollinated only by small, species-specific gracillariid moths which are parasitic in the developing seeds. Both the plants and seed-parasitic pollinators have experienced reciprocal diversification by maintaining their high host-specificity and mutualistic interaction. The system id the third example of obligate pollination mutualism which involves reciprocal diversification, and is comparable with the Fig-figwasp, Yucca-yucca moth mutualisms.We also investigated community-level plant-pollinator interactions at a natural grassland ecosystem at Mt. Yufu. Grassland ecosystem is one of the most endangered terrestrial habitats in Japan. We described detailed interactions between grassland plants and their pollinators for the first time.

利用分子系统发育技术研究了植物及其食草动物的多样化历史和过程。我们从日本、台湾、缅甸、马来西亚、澳大利亚、斐济、新喀里多尼亚和智利收集了不同种类的食草动物及其寄主植物进行分析。调查的昆虫类群有：(1)双翅目（稻蝇科、绢蝇科、鞘翅目）、鳞翅目（细叶蛾科、细叶蛾科、微叶蛾科）、鞘翅目采叶昆虫；(2)细叶蛾科种子寄生物；(3)传粉昆虫（蚜虫科等多种昆虫）。我们在原始植物枝上发现了一些有趣的植物-食草动物相互作用。在苏铁的大叶柄和死叶柄上发现了子叶模仿虫（Mimectatina meridiana ohirai）的幼虫。这是第一次记录的陶粒叶虫。我在京都阿舒发现了双翅目采叶动物在石松科石杉的小叶上。这是利科opodiales双翅目动物的第一个记录。在对种子寄生昆虫的研究中，我们发现了一种新的专性传粉互助关系。在共生关系中，Glochidion树仅通过寄生在发育中的种子中的小的、物种特异性的纤毛虫蛾来积极授粉。植物和种子寄生传粉者都通过保持其高度的寄主特异性和相互作用而经历了互惠多样化。该系统是义务传粉互助的第三个例子，它涉及互惠多样化，可与无花果-无花果、丝兰蛾的互惠相媲美。研究了玉府山天然草地生态系统群落水平上植物与传粉者的相互作用。草原生态系统是日本最濒危的陆地栖息地之一。我们首次详细描述了草地植物与传粉者之间的相互作用。