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Evolution of host plant utilization patterns in herbivorous insects viewed from molecular phylogenies of plants and herbivores

从植物和食草动物的分子系统发育来看食草昆虫宿主植物利用模式的演变

基本信息

批准号：
12440217
负责人：
KATO Makoto
金额：
$ 8.51万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We investigate the history and process of diversification of both the plants and their herbivores by using molecular phylogenetic techniques. We collected various groups of herbivores and their host plants from Japan, Taiwan, Burma, Malaysia, Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia and Chile for the analyses. The insect groups which we investigated are as follows: (1) leaf-miners of Diptera (Agromyzidae, Tephritidae, Pallopteridae), Lepidoptera (Gracillariidae, Agathiphagidae, Micropterigidae) and Coleoptera, (2) Seed-parasites of Gracillariidae, (3) pollinators (Apidae and other various insects).We found some interesting plant-herbivore interactions on primitive plant clades. Larvae of Mimectatina meridiana ohirai (Cerambycidae) were found mining megasporophylls and dead frond rachises of cycads. This is the first record of the cerambycid leaf-miner. I found dipteran leaf-miners on microphylls of Huperzia serratium (Lycopodiaceae) at Ashu, Kyoto. This is the first record of dipteran hervigores in Licopodiales.When studying seed-parasitic insects, we found a novel obligate pollination mutualism between Glochidion trees and its seed-parasitic gracillariid moths. In the mutualism, Glochidion trees are actively pollinated only by small, species-specific gracillariid moths which are parasitic in the developing seeds. Both the plants and seed-parasitic pollinators have experienced reciprocal diversification by maintaining their high host-specificity and mutualistic interaction. The system id the third example of obligate pollination mutualism which involves reciprocal diversification, and is comparable with the Fig-figwasp, Yucca-yucca moth mutualisms.We also investigated community-level plant-pollinator interactions at a natural grassland ecosystem at Mt. Yufu. Grassland ecosystem is one of the most endangered terrestrial habitats in Japan. We described detailed interactions between grassland plants and their pollinators for the first time.

我们利用分子系统发育技术研究植物及其食草动物多样化的历史和过程。我们从日本、台湾、缅甸、马来西亚、澳大利亚、斐济、新喀里多尼亚和智利收集了不同群体的食草动物及其寄主植物进行分析。我们调查的昆虫类群如下：（1）双翅目潜叶昆虫（Agromyzidae、Tephritidae、Pallopteridae）、鳞翅目（Gracillariidae、Agathiphagidae、Micropterigidae）和鞘翅目昆虫；（2）Gracillariidae 种子寄生昆虫；（3）授粉昆虫（蜜蜂科和其他各种昆虫）。昆虫）。我们在原始植物进化枝上发现了一些有趣的植物与草食动物的相互作用。人们发现，Mimectatina meridiana ohirai（天牛科）的幼虫会采摘苏铁的大孢子叶和死叶轴。这是天牛潜叶蝇的第一个记录。我在京都阿树的石杉科（石松科）的小叶上发现了双翅目潜叶虫。这是Licopodiales中双翅目hervigores的首次记录。在研究种子寄生昆虫时，我们发现Glochidion树与其种子寄生江蓠蛾之间存在一种新的专性授粉互利关系。在互利共生中，钩齿树仅由寄生在发育中的种子中的小型、特定物种的江蓠蛾主动授粉。植物和种子寄生传粉媒介都通过维持其高度的宿主特异性和互利相互作用而经历了相互多样化。该系统是专性授粉互利共生的第三个例子，涉及互惠多样化，与Fig-figwasp、丝兰-丝兰蛾互利共生具有可比性。我们还研究了由布山天然草地生态系统中群落水平的植物-传粉者相互作用。草原生态系统是日本最濒危的陆地栖息地之一。我们首次描述了草原植物与其传粉媒介之间的详细相互作用。