Systematic studies of Aristolochia sensu lato

通过形态学和分子系统发育研究，建立了包括副马兜铃在内的马兜铃属植物的系统发育系统。在日本有代表性的植物标本馆以及英国邱园和爱丁堡植物园对植物标本馆标本进行了检验。利用东京大学植物园和Setsunan大学积累和保存的活标本进行染色体观察和分子系统发育分析。新测定了25个物种的染色体数目，表明2n = 32是亚属特有的。Siphisia。由于2n = 16在一些被置于基枝的物种中被发现，根据x = 8, 2n = 32被认为是四倍体。Subgen。马兜铃属分为两个亚群，分别为2n =12和14。PCR扩增后，用自测序仪分析叶绿体DNA上的matK基因的核苷酸序列。根据matK基因序列数据，构建了该属57种植物的系统发育树。树的结构与Gonzalez（1999）的马兜铃属植物现行体系一致。副马兜虫似乎是这个亚属的姐妹群。马兜铃。为了分析日本和台湾山奈假菌复合体的特异性多样性，还对该复合体的不同样品进行了单倍型分析和matK基因序列的系统发育分析。单倍型存在区域分化，广泛分布于日本中部和西部的山柰不具有单系性。

Morphological and molecular phylogenetic examinations were made to establish a phylogenetic systematics of the genus Aristolochia sensu lato, including Pararistolochia. Herbarium specimens were examined in representative herbaria in Japan and also in Kew and Edinburgh Botanic Gardens. Living specimens, accumulated and maintained in the Botanical Gardens, University of Tokyo and in Setsunan University were used for chromosome observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Chromosome numbers were newly determined for 25 species, which suggests that 2n = 32 is specific to subgen. Siphisia. As 2n = 16 was found in some species placed in the basal clade, 2n = 32 is considered to be tetraploid based on x = 8. Subgen. Aristolochia consists of two subgroups with 2n =12 and 14, respectively. The nucreotide sequences of the matK gene on the chloroplast DNA were analyzed with an autosequencer afrter amplified with PCR. A phylogenetic tree for 57 species of the genus was constracted on the bases of the sequence data of the matK gene. The configulation of the tree was in accordance with current system of Aristolochia by Gonzalez (1999). Pararistolochia appeared to be a sister group of subgen. Aristolochia. To analyze specific diversity of A. kaempferi complex in Japan and Taiwan, haplotype and phylogenetic analysis usisng matK gene sequence were also made on various samples of the complex. Haplotypes were recognized to be differentiated regionally and A. kaempferi, distributed widely in central and western Japan, were found not to be monophyletic.