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Study on Water Environment and Fish Behavior in Agricultural Canals

农渠水环境与鱼类行为研究

基本信息

批准号：
12460107
负责人：
SHIKASHO Shiomi
金额：
$ 9.02万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

For the preservation and restoration of ecosystems in agricultural canals, it is important to quantify not only the characteristics of preferable habitat such as water quality and hydraulic condition but also environmental preference of fish or wildlife. In this research, environmental preference of Japanese Medaka Fish (Japanese killifish, Oryzias latipes) and water environments in agricultural canals were investigated by laboratory experiments and on-the-spot examinations. Japanese Medaka Fish was selected as a river fish subject to this research because Japanese Medaka is now regarded as the symbolic fish for the restoration of countryside ecosystems in Japan.Judging from the hydraulic measurements in and around artificial blocks that are recently constructed for providing fish nest in agricultural canals, the three environmental factors of water depth, current velocity and cover were selected as the principal factors affecting the availability and quality of the fish habitat in agr … More icultural canals. Based on the background that fish behavior is essentially noncommittal and that the behavioral responses to an environmental change vary widely among both individuals and circumstances, the preference intensities of Japanese Medaka to the three environmental factors were quantified by fuzzy logic modeling and laboratory open-channel experiments. A simple genetic algorithm was introduced to search for the optimal functional representation of preference intensity. The fuzzy-GA preference intensity model was then successfully verified by laboratory water-tank experiments and on-the-spot examinations. The good agreement between the predicted and observed distributions in considering the two factors of current velocity and cover indicated that the two factors obviously affected the environmental preferences of Japanese Medaka.For the purpose of evaluating the water environment of fish habitat through the individual-based model approach, the schooling behavior of Japanese Medaka was analyzed to determine the interactions between individuals: the spacing between individuals, the spatial distribution of individuals and the communication processes. The behavioral pattern model and the artificial network model were introduced to describe the behavior of fish schooling. The results of the numerical simulations using the models agreed with the experimental data in many regards, including the polarization, the nearest neighbor distance, the expanse and the fractal dimension. The differences of swimming behavior among individuals were also quantified by calculating return map, fractal dimension, correlation dimension and wavelet transform for swimming trajectory, swimming velocity and turning angle respectively. The feasibility of the assessment for the degree of tension or rest of fish in specific environment and the fish-based biomonitoring for chemical contaminants in water environment was examined using the calculated results. Less

为了保护和恢复农业运河生态系统，不仅要量化水质和水力条件等优选栖息地的特征，而且还要量化鱼类或野生动物的环境偏好。本研究通过室内实验和现场检查，对日本青鳉鱼（日本鳉鱼、Oryzias latipes）的环境偏好和农用运河的水环境进行了调查。之所以选择日本青鳉鱼作为本次研究的河流鱼类，是因为日本青鳉鱼现在被视为日本乡村生态系统恢复的象征性鱼类。从最近在农业运河中为提供鱼巢而建造的人工块及其周围的水力测量来看，选择水深、流速和覆盖度三个环境因素作为影响鱼的可用性和质量的主要因素。栖息地在农业运河中。基于鱼类行为本质上是不确定性的，以及对环境变化的行为反应在个体和环境之间存在很大差异的背景，通过模糊逻辑模型和实验室明渠实验量化了日本青鳉对三种环境因素的偏好强度。引入简单的遗传算法来搜索偏好强度的最佳函数表示。通过实验室水箱实验和现场检测，成功验证了模糊遗传算法偏好强度模型。在考虑海流速度和覆盖度两个因素时，预测分布与观测分布之间的良好一致性表明，这两个因素明显影响了日本青鳉的环境偏好。为了通过基于个体的模型方法评估鱼类栖息地的水环境，对日本青鳉的鱼群行为进行了分析，以确定个体之间的相互作用：个体之间的间距、个体的空间分布和通信过程。引入行为模式模型和人工网络模型来描述鱼群行为。使用模型的数值模拟结果在许多方面与实验数据一致，包括偏振、最近邻距离、扩展和分形维数。通过分别计算游泳轨迹、游泳速度和转角的回归图、分形维数、相关维数和小波变换来量化个体之间游泳行为的差异。利用计算结果检验了特定环境下鱼类紧张或休息程度评估以及基于鱼类的水环境化学污染物生物监测的可行性。较少的