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Development of Engineering Design Methods for Fire Safety by using Fire Behavior Prediction Models

利用火灾行为预测模型开发消防安全工程设计方法

基本信息

批准号：
12555163
负责人：
HARADA Kazunori
金额：
$ 8.51万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12555163/
关键词：
Performance-based Fire Safety Design Target Safety Level Two-zone model Mechanical Smoke Venting Smoke Spread in Stair Shaft Design Fires Fire Spread 火災安全設計初期拡大煙制御階段シャフト排煙効率目標安全性指標火災性状予測モデル火災安全設計法隔壁破壊モデル

项目摘要

This work is concerned with ; 1) development of technical basis for performance-based design for fire safety, 2) Improvement of prediction made by two-layers zone model, 3) characterization of design fire-source. As to item 1), target safety level included in current evacuation design is analyzed to find that the safety index (so-called beta factor) is in the range of 1 and 3. Similar analysis was carried-out also for structural fire resistance design. In addition, case studies were carried out for high-rise hotel and open car park. As to item 2), experimental and theoretical studies were carried out for the following two physical processes. Air entrainment into mechanical venting system was analyzed by model scale experiments to find that the critical layer thickness to prevent air entrainment could be described by Froude number using short edge length of smoke vent as characteristic diameter. Natural smoke spread behavior in stair shaft was analyzed by real-scale experiments to find that temperature profile is approximated by exponential decay toward upward. These two models were summarized to be easily implemented into two-layer zone model smoke spread computer code. As to item 3), the possibility of rationalize design heat release rate is discussed. To develop a method to scale experimental data of combustion behavior, the effect of specimen size was analyzed using HRR experiments conducted for polyure thane mattress. Similar methods are being developed for a variety of combustibles. Finally, a computer code has been developed to predict fire spread velocity over multiple combustibles.

这项工作是关于；1)发展基于性能的消防安全设计的技术基础；2)改进双层分区模型的预测；3)设计火源的表征。对于项目1)，分析当前疏散设计中包含的目标安全水平，发现安全指数（所谓的beta因子）在1到3的范围内。对结构防火设计也进行了类似的分析。此外，还对高层酒店和露天停车场进行了案例研究。对于项目2)，对以下两个物理过程进行了实验和理论研究。通过模型尺度实验对机械通风系统的夹带进行了分析，发现防止夹带的临界层厚可以用弗劳德数来描述，以排烟口短边长度作为特征直径。通过实尺度实验分析了楼梯间的自然烟雾传播行为，发现温度分布近似于向上的指数衰减。总结了这两种模型，使其易于实现为两层区域模型烟雾扩散的计算机代码。对于项目3)，讨论了合理设计放热率的可能性。通过对聚氨酯气垫进行的HRR实验，分析了试样尺寸对燃烧性能的影响。类似的方法正在开发用于各种可燃物。最后，开发了一个计算机程序来预测火灾在多种可燃物上的蔓延速度。