Research on the Production and Distribution of Stone Tools of Liangzhu Culture

从2000年夏到2002年冬，我们对良渚文化石器进行了深入的调查。调查包括考古记录和岩石学鉴定。该项目的主要成果有：1)建立了犁的钻头、刀具、模板等新机型；2)明确了刀具类型与石材的对应关系。例如，镰刀或镰刀是由角质岩石制成的，犁是由板岩制成的，凿子是由流纹岩制成的，箭头是由凝灰岩制成的。根据形状和材料的不同，越轴也可以分为许多亚类。岩石学研究结果表明，每一种石材均呈斑块状分布，彼此相距较远，推测良渚时期曾发生过专门的石材生产。3)利用高倍金相显微镜观察了大量的石材标本，并通过显微磨损分析揭示了某些石器类型的作用。云天齐刀被认为是水稻的收割机，普陀奇刀可能是其他禾本科植物的切割刀。4)岩石学勘探阐明了一些可能的石材产地。

We have carried out thorough investigations into stone tools of Liangzhu Culture from the summer of 2000 through to the winter of 2002. The investigations consist of archaeological recording and petrological identification. The major results of the project can be summed up as follows.1) Some new types like drill, cutter and mold-board of plow have been established.2) Clear correspondence between tool types and stone materials has been elucidated. For example, sickles or scythes are made of hornfels, plows are of slate, chisels are of rhyolite and arrow-heads are of tuff. Yue axes are also divided into many sub-types according to their shapes and materials. As the result of petrological explorations suggests, each of stone materials are distributed in patches and apart from one another, so we can speculate that specialized lithic production occurred during Liangzhu period.3) We have examined many specimens with a high-powered metal microscope and shed light on the function of some tool types through micro-wear analysis. Yuntianqi knives are recognized as harvesters for rice and potuqi knives may be cutters for other Gramineae plants.4) Petrological explorations have elucidated some possible localities of lithic production.