Stand dynamics of a tropical rain forest and its responses to climate changes during the last two decades in Sumatara

苏门答腊热带雨林林分动态及其对过去二十年气候变化的响应

• 批准号: 12575006
• 负责人: YONEDA Tsuyoshi
• 金额: $ 3.46万
• 依托单位: Kagoshima University (2002-2003)Osaka Kyoiku University (2000-2001)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12575006/
• 关键词: tropical rain forest; stand dynamics; climate changes; abnormal dry weather (ENSO); Fagaceae; species diversity; human impacts; gap-phase dynamics; インドネシア; エルニーニョ; 更新過程; 人為撹乱; 長期観測; 異常気象; 現存量; 生産力; 垂直分布; カシ; 森林伐採; 土壌含水率; 土壤含水率

We could show floristic traits and stand dynamics of a tropical rain forest in Central Sumatra by basing on long-term field observation over the last decades. Forty species of Fagaceae could be observed in west faced slopes of the Barisan Mountains in West Sumatra Province. High species diversity and high dominance in basal area of Fagaceae over Dipterocarpaceae were notable characteristics in vegetation of a hill forest in this area particularly. We could discuss the dominance to be caused not only by natural factors such as climate, soils and geographical factors but also by recent human impacts.The growth rates of basal area of a hill rain forest stand decreased at the last ten years in comparison with one during the former ten years. This was resulted from lower growth rates and higher mortality of a big trees in the last ten years. This phenomenon could be observed at other forest stands in this area synchronously. We discuss impacts of frequent occurrence of abnormal dry weather on these forest trees. We could make clear the time trends of horizontal distribution pattern of canopy-gaps. Basing on this observation, we could estimate the turnover time of forest canopy to be 45 years in a hill rain forest. Recent high mortality of canopy trees caused to increase dominance of tree species with softer wood and higher growth rates in a mature and secondary forest also.

通过对苏门答腊中部热带雨林近几十年的长期野外观察，揭示了该地区热带雨林的植物区系特征和林分动态。在西苏门答腊省巴里桑山脉的西山坡上可以观察到40种壳斗科植物。特别是壳斗科植物多样性高、断面积优势度高，是该地区山地森林植被的显著特征。山地雨林林分断面积的增长率在近10年比前10年有所下降。这是由于在过去的十年里，一棵大树的生长率较低，死亡率较高。这一现象在该地区其他林分中也可以同步观察到。讨论了异常干旱天气频繁发生对这些林木的影响。通过对林窗水平分布格局的研究，可以明确林窗水平分布格局的时间变化趋势。根据这一观测结果，我们可以估算出山地雨林林冠的周转时间为45年。最近冠层树木的高死亡率导致增加优势的树种，木材更软，更高的增长率，在成熟和次生林也。

项目成果

米田健: "熱帯雨林を襲う天災と人災 -その1-嵐"大阪消防. 8. 14-15 (2000)

Ken Yoneda：“袭击热带雨林的自然和人为灾害 - 第 1 部分 - 风暴”大阪消防局，2000 年 8 月 14-15 日。

米田健: "西スマトラ州におけるミナンカバウ族農村の植生構造-シピサン村の事例-"JCAS連帯研究成果報告. 3. 49-83 (2000)

Ken Yoneda：“西苏门答腊岛 Minangkabau 乡村的植被结构 - Sipisan 村案例研究”JCAS 团结研究结果报告。3. 49-83 (2000)。

Chairul, T.Yoneda: "Comparative study on decomposition of leaf litter between a warm-temperate evergreen oak forest and a tropical rain forest"TROPICS. (in press).

Chairul，T.Yoneda：“暖温带常绿橡树林和热带雨林之间落叶分解的比较研究”TROPICS。

Yoneda, T., Nishimura, S., Chairul: "Impacts of dry and hazy weather in 1997 on a tropical rainforest ecosystem in West Sumatra, Indonesia."Ecological Research. 15. 63-71 (2000)

Yoneda, T.、Nishimura, S.、Chairul：“1997 年干燥和雾霾天气对印度尼西亚西苏门答腊岛热带雨林生态系统的影响。”生态研究。

Nishimura, S., Yoneda, T., Fujii, S., Muktar, E., Abe, H., Kanzaki, M.: "Factors influencing on the vegetation composition of hill forest in West Sumatra"Tropics. (in press).

Nishimura, S.、Yoneda, T.、Fujii, S.、Muktar, E.、Abe, H.、Kanzaki, M.：“影响西苏门答腊岛山地森林植被组成的因素”热带。