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Studies on potential of domestic ruminants in tropical Asia

亚洲热带地区家养反刍动物潜力的研究

基本信息

批准号：
12575025
负责人：
KUMAGAI Hajime
金额：
$ 9.66万
依托单位：
HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1)Nitrogen and energy metabolism in Thai native bucks and cows were studied by conducting metabolic experiments. The native animals efficiently utilized nitrogen and energy in low-middle nitrogen and energy keding levels. (2)Thai native heifers were set grazed in Pasaalum phcatulum pasture for 1 year supplemented with small amount of concentrate in southern Thailand No difference of growth was observed between the heifers grazed in high and low stocking rate paddocks (6 head/ha vs. 3 head)ha) though pasture mass of high sipcking rate paddocks decreased in the latter half of the year (3)Thai native young bulls fed Paspalum plicatulum hay ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate (13.7% crude protein) at 1.0% of LW had 0.19-0.34 kg/day gain and efficiently utilized nitrogen. (4)Land area, herd size, and production cost and income were surveyed in dairy farms of Chitwan, Nepal. Seventy percent or more farms were the middle size farms of which land area was 0.5 - 2.0 ha. Average number … More of lactating cows was 1.2 per farm and the cost for feed purchased occupied 40% or more in the total production cost. (5)Female cattle had large variation of liveweight than female buffalo in the same year of ages in the region. It is estimated that the buffalo had slower growth but lager mature size than the cattle. (6)Anaphrodisia cows and buffaloes often showed dull estrus, feeble estrus and estrus detection error syndrome, and the ratio of cows suffered from the symptoms in total cows surveyed was higher than that of buffaloes in the region. A considerable number of cases, decline of ovarian function, were observed both in buffaloes and cows. (7)A survey on milk yield, liveweight, nutritional status ofdairy cows and buffaloes was conducted in 3 villages in Chitwan. Total milk yield of cows calved in hot - dry season was higher than those calved in the other seasons. More than half of cows had lower total protein concentrations and urea nitrogen concentrations in plasma than the normal level in particular village. (8)Aiming supplementation in winter season for dairy animals, milking experiments were conducted in buffalo and cattle by feeding graded levels of maize silage, 0%. T1, 33%: T2, 67%: T3 and 100%: T4 on a dry matter basis, with the replacement of rice straw. Milk yield and dry matter intake increased in proportion to the feeding level of silage in'cattle. Although dry matter intake of buffalo raised linearly with the feeding level of silage, no difference of milk yield among the treatments was observed. Less

（1）通过代谢试验研究了泰国本地巴克斯、母牛的氮和能量代谢。在中低氮能比水平下，本地动物对氮和能量的利用效率较高。（2）在泰国南部的Pasaalum phcatulum牧场放牧泰国本地小母牛1年，补充少量精料，在高载畜率和低载畜率围场放牧的小母牛之间没有观察到生长差异。（6头/公顷vs. 3头）公顷），但高吸草率围场的牧场质量在下半年有所下降（3）泰国本地青年公牛自由采食百喜草干草，并补充1.0% LW的精料（13.7%粗蛋白），日增重为0.19-0.34 kg，氮利用效率高。（4）对尼泊尔奇旺奶牛场的土地面积、牛群规模、生产成本和收入进行了调查。70%以上的农场是中型农场，其土地面积为0.5 - 2.0公顷。平均数 ...更多信息平均每场产奶牛1.2头，饲料购买成本占总生产成本的40%以上。（5）本地区同年龄母牛的活重比母牛布法罗的活重变化大。据估计，布法罗的生长速度较慢，但成熟的大小比牛大。（6）发情不全的母牛和水牛常表现为发情迟钝、弱情和错情综合征，其发病率高于本地区水牛。在水牛和母牛中观察到相当数量的病例，卵巢功能下降。(7)A对奇旺3个村的奶牛和水牛的产奶量、活重和营养状况进行了调查。干热季节产犊的奶牛总产奶量高于其他季节。超过一半的奶牛血浆总蛋白浓度和尿素氮浓度低于正常水平，在特定的村庄。（8）以冬季补饲玉米青贮饲料为目的，在布法罗和黄牛中进行了不同水平（0%）的泌乳试验。T1、T2、T3和T4的比例分别为33%、67%和100%。奶牛的产奶量和干物质采食量随青贮饲料水平的增加而增加。布法罗的干物质采食量随青贮水平的增加而线性增加，但各处理间的产奶量差异不显著。少