Phylogenetic analyses of evolution and diversity of plant parasitic basidiomycete fungi and their control

植物寄生担子菌如锈菌和黑粉菌是植物的重要病原菌。这些真菌在孢子形态和生活史上都有自己的特点。然而，它们的进化和系统发育关系一直是未知的。因此，对这些真菌进行了形态观察和分子系统发育分析，以阐明它们的进化特征。主要研究结果如下：(1)通过对国内外采集的甘蔗标本进行形态观察和分子系统发育分析，识别出两个不同的锈菌种。(2)通过生态观察和接种试验，明确了豆科植物上Uromyces种类的生活史和寄主植物。通过对这些真菌的形态和分子系统发育分析，提出了分类上的重新考虑。(3)在形态和分子系统发育分析的基础上，明确了复合体上锈菌的生活史多样性。(4)在对世界各地采集的标本进行形态分析的基础上，对我国月季属植物芦荟的分类进行了修订。(5)通过形态观察、培养特征和分子系统发育分析，对杜鹃花科和伞形科植物外生菌的分类地位进行了评价。(6)从形态、核周期、寄主交替和分子分析等方面研究了柏科芽孢菌种的系统发育地位和进化规律。(7)通过接种实验和形态及分子系统发育分析，明确了金霉菌在铁杉上的生活史演化。(8)研究了杨树上黑僵菌的系统发育关系。(9)讨论了锈菌核周期的多样性及其对进化的意义。

Plant parasitic basidiomycete fungi such as rust and smut fungi are important pathogens of plants. These fungi are characteristic in spore morphology and life cycles. However, their evolution and phylogenetic relationships have been unknown. Therefore, morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis were carried out to clarify evolutional aspects of these fungi. The outline of the research results is as follows : (1)Two distinct Puccinia species were recognized based on morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis of specimens on sugarcane collected in the world. (2) Life cycles and host plants of Uromyces species on legume plants were clarified with ecological observations and inoculation experiments. Taxonomic reconsideration was suggested by morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of these fungi. (3) Life cycle diversity of Puccinia species on composite was clarified based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. (4) Taxonomy of Phragmidium species on roses was revised based on morphological analysis of specimens collected in the world. (5) Taxonomy of Exobasidium species on Ericaceae and Symplocaceae was evaluated by morphological observations, cultural characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. (6) Phylogenetic positions and evolutional aspects of Blastospora species on Cupressaceae was investigated by its morphology, nuclear cycle, host-alternation and molecular analysis. (7) Life cycle evolution of Chrysomyxa species on Tsuga was clarified by inoculation experiments and morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. (8) Phylogenetic relationships of Melampsora species on poplars were investigated. (9) Diversity of nuclear cycles of rust fungi and their implications to evolutional aspects was discussed