Phylogenetic analyses of evolution and diversity of plant parasitic basidiomycete fungi and their control

植物寄生担子菌真菌如锈菌、黑穗病菌等是植物重要的病原菌。这些真菌在孢子形态和生命周期方面具有特点。然而，它们的进化和系统发育关系尚不清楚。因此，形态学观察和分子系统发育分析对这些真菌的进化方面进行了澄清。研究结果概述如下：(1)通过对世界各地甘蔗标本的形态观察和分子系统发育分析，确定了2个不同的甘蔗属。(2)通过生态观察和接种实验，明确了尿霉菌在豆科植物上的生活史和寄主植物。形态学和分子系统发育分析建议对这些真菌进行分类重新考虑。(3)通过形态和分子系统发育分析，阐明了复合材料上普氏菌的生活史多样性。(4)在对世界各地收集的玫瑰花苞属植物进行形态分析的基础上，对花苞属植物的分类进行了修订。(5)通过形态观察、培养特征和分子系统发育分析，对Ericaceae和Symplocaceae中Exobasidium的分类进行了评价。(6)从形态学、核循环、寄主交替和分子分析等方面研究了柏科芽孢属植物的系统发育位置和进化方向。(7)通过接种实验和形态、分子系统发育分析，阐明了津田金蝇属植物的生活史进化。(8)研究了杨树Melampsora种的系统发育关系。(9)讨论了锈菌核循环的多样性及其在进化方面的意义

Plant parasitic basidiomycete fungi such as rust and smut fungi are important pathogens of plants. These fungi are characteristic in spore morphology and life cycles. However, their evolution and phylogenetic relationships have been unknown. Therefore, morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis were carried out to clarify evolutional aspects of these fungi. The outline of the research results is as follows : (1)Two distinct Puccinia species were recognized based on morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis of specimens on sugarcane collected in the world. (2) Life cycles and host plants of Uromyces species on legume plants were clarified with ecological observations and inoculation experiments. Taxonomic reconsideration was suggested by morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of these fungi. (3) Life cycle diversity of Puccinia species on composite was clarified based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. (4) Taxonomy of Phragmidium species on roses was revised based on morphological analysis of specimens collected in the world. (5) Taxonomy of Exobasidium species on Ericaceae and Symplocaceae was evaluated by morphological observations, cultural characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. (6) Phylogenetic positions and evolutional aspects of Blastospora species on Cupressaceae was investigated by its morphology, nuclear cycle, host-alternation and molecular analysis. (7) Life cycle evolution of Chrysomyxa species on Tsuga was clarified by inoculation experiments and morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. (8) Phylogenetic relationships of Melampsora species on poplars were investigated. (9) Diversity of nuclear cycles of rust fungi and their implications to evolutional aspects was discussed