Phylogenetic analyses of evolution and diversity of plant parasitic basidiomycete fungi and their control

植物寄生真菌如锈菌、黑穗病菌等是重要的植物病原菌。这些真菌在孢子形态和生活史上具有特征。然而，它们的进化和系统发育关系一直是未知的。因此，形态学观察和分子系统学分析进行了澄清这些真菌的进化方面。主要研究结果如下：（1）通过对世界各地甘蔗叶锈菌的形态观察和分子系统学分析，将甘蔗叶锈菌分为两个不同的种。(2)通过生态观察和接种试验，阐明了豆科植物单胞锈菌的生活史和寄主植物。形态学和分子系统发育分析表明，这些真菌的分类重新考虑。(3)通过形态学和分子系统学分析，阐明了复合材料上柄锈菌生活史的多样性。(4)通过对世界各地玫瑰花上的Phragmidium种的形态学分析，对Phragmidium种的分类进行了修订。(5)通过形态学观察、培养特征和分子系统学分析，对杜鹃花科和山矾科的外担子属进行了分类学研究。(6)通过形态学、细胞核周期、寄主更替和分子生物学分析，对柏科芽囊霉属（Blastospora）种的系统发育位置和进化进行了研究。(7)通过接种实验、形态学和分子系统学分析，阐明了铁杉上的拟黏虫属生活史演化。(8)对杨树上栅锈菌属的系统发育关系进行了研究。(9)讨论了锈菌核循环的多样性及其在进化方面的意义

Plant parasitic basidiomycete fungi such as rust and smut fungi are important pathogens of plants. These fungi are characteristic in spore morphology and life cycles. However, their evolution and phylogenetic relationships have been unknown. Therefore, morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis were carried out to clarify evolutional aspects of these fungi. The outline of the research results is as follows : (1)Two distinct Puccinia species were recognized based on morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis of specimens on sugarcane collected in the world. (2) Life cycles and host plants of Uromyces species on legume plants were clarified with ecological observations and inoculation experiments. Taxonomic reconsideration was suggested by morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of these fungi. (3) Life cycle diversity of Puccinia species on composite was clarified based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. (4) Taxonomy of Phragmidium species on roses was revised based on morphological analysis of specimens collected in the world. (5) Taxonomy of Exobasidium species on Ericaceae and Symplocaceae was evaluated by morphological observations, cultural characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. (6) Phylogenetic positions and evolutional aspects of Blastospora species on Cupressaceae was investigated by its morphology, nuclear cycle, host-alternation and molecular analysis. (7) Life cycle evolution of Chrysomyxa species on Tsuga was clarified by inoculation experiments and morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. (8) Phylogenetic relationships of Melampsora species on poplars were investigated. (9) Diversity of nuclear cycles of rust fungi and their implications to evolutional aspects was discussed