Comparative Study on the Social System Relating the Development of Small & Medium Enterprises

本研究项目在中国、日本、马来西亚三个实地调查国家中，对华人、印度人、穆斯林、韩国人等多数民族和少数民族企业家的创业过程、管理风格、技术能力、管理精神和企业发展进行调查研究。分别对三个国家40家中小企业的企业家进行访谈调查，对1600家企业的高层管理人员进行问卷调查，共回收470份问卷，回收率为29.34%。本研究将创业过程分为创业愿望、创业行动和创业实现三个阶段，并运用社会学、经济学和管理学的跨学科方法对其进行比较研究。定量分析证明了个体素质与社会环境在各阶段的相互作用导致企业行为不同的理论假设。在创业过程中，个人才能是内部因素，社会环境因素是外部因素，外部因素通过内部因素发挥作用。

This research project was implemented to survey study on the enterprising process, management style, technological capacity, management ethos, and the enterprises development performed by the entrepreneurs of both the majority nations and the minority nations, like Chinese, Indian, Muslim, and Korean in three field survey countries- China, Japan, and Malaysia. The interview survey was carried out with focus on the entrepreneurs from 40 Enterprises (SMEs) in three countries respectively, while questionnaire survey was made on the top managers from 1.600 enterprises in total, among which 470 questionnaires were collected with a return rate of 29.34%.In this research, enterprising process is structured with three stages of enterprising desire, enterprising action and enterprising fulfillment, on which a comparative study was made with an interdisciplinary approach of sociology, economics and management. The quantitative analysis have proved the theoretical hypothesis that the interactions between individual qualities and the social environment at each stages accordingly differs the enterprising behaviors. Here the personal aptitudes are the internal factors while the social environmental elements are external factors in the enterprising process, through which the external factors make functions through internal factors.