Theoretical and field research on the formation of engendered care labor

本研究以对横滨市某大型家政服务机构工会职工的邮寄调查结果为基础，对家政服务的用工问题进行了分析。它探讨了他们作为分层和分散服务提供者的工作方式，以及在包括大量所谓注册工人的服务制度下家务助理服务的贬值。即使在非牟利机构，长期护理保险也更有可能优先考虑财务问题。它还对家务助理的劳动过程产生了影响。然而，家庭佣工劳动的管理控制制度与制造业中观察到的制度不同。情绪性劳动在护理服务的提供中发挥了重要作用。家务助理的工作*不仅涉及身体上的疲惫，也涉及精神上的疲惫。然而，我们观察到的工作组织在对员工的这种心理疲劳做出系统反应方面存在困难。尽管工人之间的非正式相互支持往往能有效地缓解精神压力，但现有的组织结构强调了对需求波动的灵活性，从而造成了工人的异化劳动。特别是，登记的家务助理不仅在工资水平和工作模式方面处于弱势地位，而且在应对情绪劳动造成的工作压力方面也处于弱势地位。

This research project analyzed the labor issues of home help service on the basis of the results of the mail survey to the union workers who worked in a large-scale home help service organization in Yokohama City. It explored their working styles as a provider of stratified and fragmented services and the devaluation of home help services under, the service regime which included a large amount of the so-calied registered workers.The long-term care insurance was more likely to give priority to financial concerns even in non-profit organizations. It also made influence in the labor process of home helpers. The system of managerial control over the labor of home helpers did, however, differ from those which were observed in manufacturing factories.Emotion labor played an important role in care services delivery. The work of home helpers *involves not only physical but also mental fatigue. Nevertheless, the work organization we observed had difficulty in the systematic responses to such mental.fatigue of its employees. Although the informal mutual supports among workers are often effective for relief of mental stresses, the existing organizational structure had attached importance to the flexibility towards the fluctuation of demands as a result, it caused alienated labor by the workers. In particular, the registered home helpers were in a vulnerable Position in terms not only of wage level and working pattern, but also of coping with work stresses caused by emotional labor.