Toward A Model of Incorporating Gender Perspectives into Legal Professional Education A Study on Current Legal Education and Its Agenda for Gender Equal Society

本研究旨在明确性别/女权主义观点如何被纳入美国和日本的法律职业教育课程。结果如下：在美国，几乎每一所法学院都至少有一门性别/女权主义法律研究课程，其他几门实质性法律课程的教学大纲中都有这一主题。潜在的因素是：女权主义法律研究的大量积累；能够教授女权主义法学的大批女性或合格的律师和教员；急于将学生的具体要求纳入教育计划的管理。另一方面，在日本，法学院似乎几乎不承认女权主义法律研究是其课程中的必修课。矛盾的是，没有法学院的法学院和法律系却开设了几门与性别有关的课程。合格教师非常有限，这一事实在很大程度上影响了法学院的项目。这两个国家的共同问题是，很难将女权主义法律研究作为必修课。其深层条件是，法律职业教育倾向于被视为通过律师考试的手段，然后，课程被放在较低的优先地位。美国顶尖的法学院将女权主义法律研究课程列为必修课之一，这一点可能会被认真对待--那些为数不多的特权学校更重视培养多样化的律师，而不是及格。

This research aims at making clear how gender/feminist perspectives can be incorporated into the curriculum of legal professional education in the United States and Japan. The results are as follows : in the United States, almost every law school has at least one course on gender/feminist legal studies and several other substantive law courses have the topic in the syllabi. The underlying factors are : substantial accumulation of feminist legal studies ; substantial body of female or qualified lawyers and faculty who can teach feminist jurisprudence ; administration eager to take students' concrete requests into educational programs. In Japan, on the other hand, law schools hardly seem to recognize feminist legal studies as necessary course in their programs. Paradoxically, law faculties and departments, which do not have law schools, have several gender related courses. The fact that the qualified faculties are very limited has largely affected the law school programs. The problem shared in both countries is, the difficulty to make feminist legal studies a required course. The underlying condition is legal professional education is inclined to be regarded as a means to pass the bar exam, and then, the course is given less priority. It may be seriously taken that the top law schools in the United States set feminist legal studies course count as one of required electives-those few privileged schools put much more importance on cultivating diverse lawyers than passing rates.