Public Works Management in a Local Government in Aging Society with Declining Birthrate under Internationalization

（1）地方政府对供水及污水处理设施建设的管理问题以土佐山田町为例，探讨了土佐山田町供水及污水处理设施建设的管理问题。更新该镇退化的供水设施迫在眉睫，但这将大幅增加不可赎回的债券数额。实施该镇的“整体计划“，在该镇的大部分地区建立公共污水处理网络，也会给该镇带来更沉重的财政负担。此外，在干旱时期，由于河流流量进一步减少，鱼类的生存条件将恶化。在人口密度较低的地区，应研究在每户安装化粪池的可行性。在本次调查中发现，大多数城镇居民对高水平的供水服务感到满意，如水费低，水质好。然而，许多人不了解水的净化过程，供水设施的降解问题， ...更多信息 传统的官民关系可以用“国私双轴论”来表述。在这里，政务官代表着国家、代表着公众，被认为是实现“善的价值”的象征。“国家以外的另一部分被定义为私人，并被认为实现了“邪恶”价值。在传统的基础设施开发与管理中，国有-民营两轴理论一直行之有效。然而，近年来，这种关系并不像以前那样运作良好，这是由于行政管理者的“私人”和每个人作为“居民”或“公民”而不是国家的“多方面”行动的启发。需要开发新的公共性，而不是由行政官员开发。（2）日本公共事业体制的改革运用社会心理学中的信任结构理论，探讨了日本和美国公共事业体制的特点，并提出了一个讨论日本公共事业体制改革方向的框架。U.S.is改革的当务之急是建立业主与承包商之间的信任关系，而日本的当务之急是制定和实施明确的招投标规则，引入进度支付制度是其第一步。（3）风险管理过程的发展针对传统风险管理过程的局限性，本文提出了一种新的风险和不确定性管理过程的原型，称为“多方风险和不确定性管理过程（MRUMP）“。少

(1)Problems in management of development of water supply and sewage treatment facilities in a local governmenDevelopment of water supply and sewage treatment facilities in Tosayamada town is discussed. Renewing the degraded water supply facilities in the town is urgent, but it would sharply increase the amount of irredeemable bonds. Implementation of the town's"whole plan"to develop a public sewerage network in a large part of the town would also bring heavier financial burden to the town. Moreover, it would worsen living conditions of fish due to further decrease in river flow volume in drought period. In area with low population density, viability of installation of septic tank at each house should be studied.In this survey it was found that most of people in the town are satisfied with the high level of water supply service such as low water rate and good water quality. Many people, however, do not understand the water purification process, degradation problems of water supply facil … More ities, or even basic functions of the public water sewerage systems.The conventional relationship between the administrative officer and people is represented with the term of"two axes theory with nation-private."Here, the administrative officers represent the nation and publicness, and they have been considered a symbol of realizing"good value."The other part than the nation is defined as private, and it is considered to realize"evil"value. In the conventional infrastructure development and management, this two axes theory with nation-private has been working well. Recently, however, this relationship do not work as well as before due to elicitation of"private"in the administrator and"multi-faceted"actions by each individual as an"resident"or a"citizen"other than a nation. Development of new publicness, which is not developed by the administrative officer, is needed.(2)Reform of Japanese public works systemsApplying the structural theory of trust developed in the socio-psychology, characteristics of the Japanese and the U.S.public works systems are discussed, and a framework is proposed to discuss a direction of reform of the Japanese systems. The urgent reform issue in the U.S.is to cultivate the trust between the public client and the contractor, and the Japanese issue is to develop and practice a clear bidding rule, Introduction of the progress payment scheme is its first step.(3)Development of risk management processAiming to overcome limitations on conventional risk management process, a prototype of new risk and uncertainty management process called"multi-party risk and uncertainty management process (MRUMP)"has been developed. Less