A Research on the Origin of the Scientific Instruments of Robert Hooke

罗伯特·胡克科学仪器的起源研究

• 批准号: 15500657
• 负责人: NAKAJIMA Hideto
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15500657/
• 关键词: Hooke; Instruments; Origin; Royal Society; Navigation; Brass; Clock; Grocer; 王立協会; 望遠鏡; 実験機器; ヘヴェリウス; ロンドン科学博物館; パリ国立公文書; 天文観測機器; グリニッジ天文台

To perform the project above, I made archival studies in UK (4 times, mainly at the Library of Science Museum) and at Biblioteque National of Paris. In this process, it became clear that I should focus on the emergence of brass-making technology (the crucial material for instruments), and the formation of the craftsman tradition for scientific instrument making.The result of the research is the following :1.England was dependent on imported continental brass until the midst of the seventeenth century, and then immigrant craftsmen implanted its technology around 1650s. Domestic production of the brass was achieved in the latter half of the seventeenth century mainly near Bristol.2.The first group of instrument makers was also immigrant. They were specialized in engravings and also naval instruments, both of which were based on brass technology. At first, they belonged to the Grocer's Company, and gradually moved to the Clockmaker's Company after its establishment in 1631.These facts strongly suggest that the origin of Hooke's instruments was engravings which had much to do with naval instruments through brass technology. This tradition merged into clock-making, which I supposed to be the origin of Hooke's instruments when the research project was started.

为了完成上述项目，我在英国（4次，主要是在科学博物馆图书馆）和巴黎国家图书馆进行了档案研究。在这个过程中，我清楚地认识到，我应该重点关注黄铜制造技术（乐器的关键材料）的出现，以及科学仪器制造的工匠传统的形成。研究结果如下：1.英格兰直到17世纪中叶一直依赖进口大陆黄铜，然后移民工匠在1650年代左右植入了其技术。十七世纪后半叶，主要在布里斯托尔附近实现了黄铜的国内生产。2.第一批乐器制造商也是移民。他们专门从事雕刻和海军乐器，这两者都基于黄铜技术。起初，它们属于杂货商公司，并在 1631 年成立后逐渐转移到钟表匠公司。这些事实有力地表明，胡克乐器的起源是雕刻，这与通过黄铜技术制造的海军乐器有很大关系。这一传统融入了钟表制造，当研究项目开始时，我认为钟表制造是胡克仪器的起源。

项目成果

Hideto Nakajima: "Robert Hooke as an Astronomer"Robert Hooke 2003. 95-103 (2003)

中岛英人：“作为天文学家的罗伯特·胡克”罗伯特·胡克 2003. 95-103 (2003)

Robert Hooke : Tercentennial Studies

罗伯特·胡克：三百年研究

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Hideto Nakajima;Michael Cooper;Michael Hunter et al.
• 通讯作者: Michael Hunter et al.

Robert Hooke Tercentennial Studies

罗伯特胡克三百年研究

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Hideto Nakajima;Michael Cooper;Michel Hunter et al.
• 通讯作者: Michel Hunter et al.