A geographical study of environmental issues caused by large-scale land reclamation projects in Japan and Korea

本研究的目的在于厘清大规模填海造陆工程所引发的环境问题的地理背景，并展现环境问题的社会建构过程。主要研究结果如下：1.韩国正在进行中的宫土地复垦工程。该项目是韩国西南沿海地区开发项目之一，目的是扩大粮食生产。但该项目对环境的破坏预计如此之大，以至于许多人担心它对地区或东亚环境的影响，并发生了强烈的抗议运动。环境问题是韩国最严重的环境问题之一。2.韩国的环境运动是继民主运动之后出现的。所以这些都是非常活跃的，并得到了各个社会阶层的支持。国家环保组织在反对大金项目的抗议活动中发挥了主导作用。3.韩国各省之间存在经济差距。全罗道是一个欠发达地区，全罗人有着很高的期望。无论该项目的效益是大是小，都成为全罗开发的标志之一。居民在经济或文化上与项目区的滩涂有联系。他们没有得到足够的补偿。他们是一个强大的抵抗力量，但最近变得孤立。5.韩国的填海问题和日本的问题有有趣的区别和共同点。例如，公共工程的制度或当地居民对公共工程的期望是非常共同的，但环境运动却截然不同。这一运动的差异对研究日本环境运动具有一定的启示意义。

The aims of this study are to clarify the geographical background of environmental issues caused by large-scale land reclamation projects and to show the process of social construction of the environmental issues. The results are summarized as follows.1.In Korea Seamangum land reclamation project is going. This project is one of Korean southwest coastal zone development in order to expand food production. But environmental destruction by the project is expected so immense that many people worry about the effect of it on regional or East Asian environment and strong protest movements have occurred. Seamangum problem is one of most serious environmental issues in Korea.2.Environmental movements in Korea follow in the wake of the pro-democracy movement. So these are very active and supported by various social classes. The national environmental organizations play a leading role of protesting against Seamangum project.3.There are economic disparities between provinces in Korea. Cholla province where Seamangum project are planned is underdeveloped area and Cholla people have extravagant expectations. Seamangum becomes one of symbols of Cholla development whether benefit of this project is big or small.4.In Cholla province there are some villages against the project. The residents are linked to tideland in the project area economically or culturally. And they were not compensated sufficiently. They are one of strong resistance forces but more recently become isolated.5.There are interesting differences and common points between Korean reclamation problems and Japanese problems. For example, the system of public works or local resident's expectation for public works are very in common, but the environmental movements are very different each other. The difference of the movement is seemed suggestive for the study of Japanese environmental movements.