A geographical study of environmental issues caused by large-scale land reclamation projects in Japan and Korea

本研究旨在厘清大型土地复垦工程引发的环境问题的地理背景，展现环境问题的社会建构过程。结果总结如下：1。韩国也正在推进西万金土地开发事业。该项目是韩国西南沿海地区为扩大粮食生产而开发的项目之一。但是该项目对环境的破坏是如此巨大，以至于许多人担心它对地区或东亚环境的影响，并发生了强烈的抗议运动。西万金问题是韩国最严重的环境问题之一。▷韩国的环境运动是继民主化运动之后展开的。所以这些活动非常活跃，得到了不同社会阶层的支持。2 .全国环境团体在反对新万金工程的斗争中起着主导作用。▷地方间的经济差距很大。新万金事业所在的全罗南道是欠发达地区，全罗南道人的期望过高。无论该项目的效益是大是小，西曼金都将成为全罗开发的象征之一。在全罗南道，一些村庄反对该项目。居民与项目区内的滩涂有着经济或文化上的联系。他们没有得到足够的补偿。他们是一支强大的抵抗力量，但最近被孤立了。韩国的填海问题和日本的填海问题有有趣的区别和共同点。例如，公共工程的制度或当地居民对公共工程的期望是非常相似的，但环境运动是非常不同的。这一运动的差异似乎对研究日本环境运动具有启发意义。

The aims of this study are to clarify the geographical background of environmental issues caused by large-scale land reclamation projects and to show the process of social construction of the environmental issues. The results are summarized as follows.1.In Korea Seamangum land reclamation project is going. This project is one of Korean southwest coastal zone development in order to expand food production. But environmental destruction by the project is expected so immense that many people worry about the effect of it on regional or East Asian environment and strong protest movements have occurred. Seamangum problem is one of most serious environmental issues in Korea.2.Environmental movements in Korea follow in the wake of the pro-democracy movement. So these are very active and supported by various social classes. The national environmental organizations play a leading role of protesting against Seamangum project.3.There are economic disparities between provinces in Korea. Cholla province where Seamangum project are planned is underdeveloped area and Cholla people have extravagant expectations. Seamangum becomes one of symbols of Cholla development whether benefit of this project is big or small.4.In Cholla province there are some villages against the project. The residents are linked to tideland in the project area economically or culturally. And they were not compensated sufficiently. They are one of strong resistance forces but more recently become isolated.5.There are interesting differences and common points between Korean reclamation problems and Japanese problems. For example, the system of public works or local resident's expectation for public works are very in common, but the environmental movements are very different each other. The difference of the movement is seemed suggestive for the study of Japanese environmental movements.