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Analysis of the Impacts of Regional Environmental Context on the Spatial Structure of Urban Heat Islands with Landscape Ecological Methods

景观生态学方法分析区域环境文脉对城市热岛空间结构的影响

基本信息

批准号：
15500690
负责人：
YAN Wanglin
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Keio University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study, based on the principles Landscape Ecology, uses ecological maps to express regional environmental contexts and climatic maps from satellite-sensed thermal images to express thermal characteristics of cities. It aims to clarity the impacts of urban ecological contexts on the formulation of urban heat islands through the comparative analyses of ecological and climatic maps.At the first, Landsat/TM images have been used for evaluating the heat island intensity of Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Zoning the study area from the center of Tokyo to west in 10km interval and regrouped land uses into major 8 categories, we found that the heat island intensity from Landsat/TM thermal images gives a good fitness with that from the ground air temperature observation. It implies that the satellite thermal images are applicable to evaluate the differences of local thermal environment between land uses and zones of cities.With the above knowledge, we applied an ASTER/TIR image for mapping and ana … More lyzing local thermal characteristics in Yokohama City. Based on raster thermal images and vector land use and buildings maps, four types of ecological cluster maps including high-densely built-up clusters, green land clusters, bare land clusters and industrial land clusters were created as ecological maps. On the other hand, using the ASTER/TIR image, four types of climatic maps including hot spot clusters, cool spot clusters, hot feature clusters and cool feature clusters were created.The ecological analyses of the above maps show that the intensities of thermal islands within clusters are more or less related to their sizes measured by area. The intensities of heat island of cool features have the strongest logarithmic function with its geometric areas. Theses relationships also exist in bare land clusters, high-densely built-up clusters and so on.More importantly, it is found that the spatial extends of cool features were largely affected by regional topological contexts. The cool feature in hills or slopes may spread downward if it is large enough. This explained the ability of thermal images for capturing the advections in regional scales. All of these findings are valuable information of the local climatic conditions for considering heat island counter measurements. Less

本研究以景观生态学原理为基础，利用生态图表达区域环境背景，利用卫星遥感热图像的气候图表达城市热特征。通过对生态图和气候图的对比分析，明确城市生态环境对城市热岛形成的影响。将研究区从东京中心向西以10 km为间隔进行分区，并将土地利用分为8大类，结果表明，Landsat/TM热图像的热岛强度与地面气温观测的热岛强度具有较好的拟合性。利用ASTER/TIR卫星遥感影像进行了区域热环境的制图和分析，结果表明，卫星遥感影像能够较好地反映区域热环境的差异， ...更多信息溶解横滨市的局部热特性。基于栅格热图像和矢量土地利用和建筑物图，构建了高密度建筑群、绿色用地群、裸地群和工业用地群4类生态群图。另一方面，利用ASTER/TIR卫星图像，制作了热点群、冷点群、热特征群和冷特征群等4种类型的气候图，并对这些气候图进行了生态分析，结果表明，各气候图中的热岛强度与其面积大小有一定的关系。冷特征的热岛强度与其几何面积呈最强的对数函数关系。这种关系同样存在于裸地、高密度建筑群等区域。更重要的是，研究发现，冷特征的空间延伸在很大程度上受到区域拓扑背景的影响。在丘陵或斜坡上的冷特征，如果足够大，可以向下扩展。这解释了热图像捕捉区域尺度平流的能力。所有这些发现都是有价值的信息，当地的气候条件，考虑热岛对抗措施。少