HISTORICAL RESEARCH ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL METHOD IN THE IMAGE ANALYSIS : THE METHODOLOGY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES AND ITS BACKGROUND IN THE 1920S AND 1930S.

本研究对20世纪图像分析中的形态学方法取得了以下成果：1.分析了阿比·瓦尔堡的图像图谱《记忆》，明确了其图像记忆的多维结构; 2.考察了歌德的自然理论对瓦尔堡思想的影响，尤其是歌德的“类型”概念与瓦尔堡的图像学之间的关系。在研究过程中，比较了瓦尔堡和八代幸男对桑德罗·波提切利绘画“细节”的分析方法。3.从列维-斯特劳斯的结构主义和金兹伯格的微观历史（微观故事）中探寻形态学方法在文化科学中的理论潜力。在此基础上，分析了摄影、电影等视觉媒介对形态学方法论的影响，并在戈达尔的《电影史》等视觉艺术作品中发现了类似的形态学方法论。4.德国动物学家恩斯特·海克尔通过个体发生与生殖发生的联系发展了达尔文进化论，19世纪以来生物学中关于生命形态变化及其视觉表现的理论对文化科学中的视觉图像分析产生了深刻的影响。5.进化论不仅影响了关于视觉图像的文化科学，而且通过其对视觉成像的生物学基础的认识和对生命形态变化的可视化来进行视觉艺术创作。这种影响的过程被认为是发展的重要主题。

As for this research, the following results were gained about the morphological method in the image analysis in the 20th century.1.The image atlas "Mnemosyne" of Aby Warburg was analyzed, and its multidimensional structure of image memories was made clear.2.The influence of Goethean theory of nature upon the thought of Warburg was investigated, especially in the relationship between the Goethean concept of "type" and the iconology of Warburg. In the process of this investigation, the analytical methods of Warburg and Yukio Yashiro were compared in their analyses of "details" of the paintings by Sandro Botticelli.3.The theoretical potentialities of the morphological methodology in the cultural sciences was sought in the structuralism of Claude Levi-Strauss and the micro history (microstoria) of Carlo Ginzburg. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the influence of visual media such as photography and film upon the morphological methodology, the similar morphological method was found out in the visual art works such as Jean-Luc Godard's "Histoire(s) du cinema".4.It was found out that the thoughts of Ernst Haeckel, German zoologist, who developed Darwinian evolution theory by means of the connection of ontogeny to phylogeny, contributed much for the wide influence of Goethean morphology upon the many fields of cultural sciences and that the theory of morphological changes of life and their visual expressions in the biology since the 19th century influenced the analyses of visual images in cultural sciences deeply.5.The evolution theory has influenced not only the cultural sciences about visual images, but also the creations of visual arts through its knowledge about the biological basis of visual imaging and the visualization of morphological changes of life. The process of this influence was found as the important theme to develop.