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A study on foreign communities or districts in 18^<th-> century Europe

对 18 世纪欧洲外国社区或地区的研究

基本信息

批准号：
15520141
负责人：
SATO Ken-ichi
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15520141/
关键词：
enlightenment foreign communities or districts in Europe the system of Russian serfdom Livonia in the German cultural sphere indigenous serfs the black Diaspora slave trade African Britons

项目摘要

This research aims to throw light on foreign communities or districts in Europe, and tries not only to elucidate one aspect of the dynamism of so-called cross-cultural contacts but also to criticize the recent self-righteous tide of 18^<th> century studies. It deals with two specific regions : Russian Livonia, where indigenous people were heathen serfs, and London, where a society of black people existed.Despite being in the German cultural sphere, Livonia was fully incorporated into the system of Russian serfdom, from German peers to Estonian or Latvian slaves. How were the two German avant-gardes, J.G.Herder and J.M.R.Lenz, influenced living in such a unique domain where German and indigenous cultures were intricately mingled? In order to illuminate this question, Hupel's enlightenment activities, Merkel's radical abolitionist argument, and the anti-slavery movement in Livonia were discussed. Then the issues that were examined thoroughly were how Lenz paved the way for the Sturm and Drang literary movement affected by Hupel's social criticism, and how Herder gave birth to Volkslieder with the assistance of Hupel and others.An influx of the black population was constantly observed in London throughout the 17^<th> and 18^<th> centuries after England's involvement in the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and large-scale plantations in the West Indies. How did they live and how were they received? In regard to the blacks' attitude and identity as well as the British reaction to them, the lives of three black Britons-Francis Barber, Igunatius Sancho, and Olaudah Equiano-were focused on and examined. Also the change of the social structure and British racial perceptions towards blacks, as caused by the black society of a foreign community in London, were discussed. This research attempts not only to criticize whites-led history but also to reconstruct the cultural history of England through blacks' eyes.

这项研究旨在揭示欧洲的外国社区或地区，不仅试图阐明所谓跨文化接触的活力的一个方面，而且还对最近自以为是的 18 世纪研究浪潮提出了批评。它涉及两个特定地区：俄罗斯利沃尼亚，那里的土著人民是异教徒农奴，而伦敦，那里存在黑人社会。尽管处于德国文化圈内，利沃尼亚却完全融入了俄罗斯农奴制体系，从德国同侪到爱沙尼亚或拉脱维亚奴隶。 J.G.Herder 和 J.M.R.Lenz 这两位德国前卫艺术家如何影响生活在德国文化与本土文化错综复杂的独特领域的生活？为了阐明这个问题，我们讨论了于佩尔的启蒙活动、默克尔的激进废奴主义论点以及利沃尼亚的反奴隶制运动。接下来深入探讨的问题是，伦茨如何在许佩尔的社会批判影响下为斯特姆和德朗文学运动铺平了道路，以及赫尔德如何在许佩尔等人的帮助下催生了《人民之歌》。在英国参与非洲大西洋奴隶贸易和大规模种植园之后的17世纪和18世纪，伦敦不断出现黑人人口的涌入。西印度群岛。他们过着怎样的生活，受到怎样的接待？关于黑人的态度和身份以及英国人对他们的反应，三位英国黑人——弗朗西斯·巴伯、伊古纳修斯·桑乔和奥劳达·埃奎亚诺——的生活受到关注和审视。还讨论了由伦敦外国社区的黑人社会引起的社会结构和英国人对黑人的种族观念的变化。这项研究不仅试图批判白人主导的历史，还试图通过黑人的视角重建英国的文化历史。