Nations and States in the Irish Sea World of the 11^<th> to 13^<th> Century

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As the result of this research, I have made clear about the 'nation addresses', that is, the names of the nations at the end of the 'inscriptio' of the charters. This kind of address appeared soon after the Norman Conquest in the English realm, and afterwards, in the Scottish. Basically it was 'Francis et Anglis', that is, to the French and the English, but it had local variations. It appeared less in the bishops' charters than the kings'. It disappeared in the second half of the twelfth century. Previously I supposed that one reason for the disappearance would be the assimilation of the French and the English, and this would be right. But some exceptional cases like the charters of the bishops of Durham suggest that the spread of the writing format from the 'center' to 'peripheries' is also the key point. I am going to examine that further.I also made clear the outline of the medieval 'realm of Man and the Isles' and power struggles on the Irish sea world, based on the primary sources,.Lastly I considered the arguments on the basic structure of history and the meaning of medieval studies, including my own research, in the modern world.