A Study of the Timber Selection of Wood Coffins in the Kofun Period

本次研究以古坟时期出土的木棺材料为研究对象，进行了基于考古遗存研究理论的尝试性研究。本文的研究大纲如下：开展木棺树种鉴定，积累调查实例。同时，我们建立了全国出土棺木树种调查样本数据库，并在此基础上分析了各阶段棺木树种的地域性/层次性特征及其变化。收集了165个样例的已鉴定树种资料。裸子植物科（针叶树）和被子植物科（阔叶树）的比例为91%:9%。特别是日本伞松（Sciadopitys verticillata）的使用占整体的51%，我们可以看到日本伞松棺材的分布明显局限于近基区及其周边地区。与其他树种相比，日本杉木（Cryptomeria japonica）和日本柏木（Chamaecyparis obtusa）的利用选择性较低，但不具有日本伞松的明显选择性。近畿及其周边地区古坟前期和中期日本伞松的生长率接近90%。然而，在古坟时代晚期，这一比率下降了，在公元7世纪，这种选择性不再存在。认为造成这种情况的因素是大量消费日本伞形松木导致资源短缺。由于古坟时期日本伞松材的选择利用范围框架没有改变，因此可以假设存在一定的供应日本伞松材的木材供应系统。此外，从公元6 ~ 7世纪开始，向百济皇陵提供了制作棺材用的日本伞松木材。这是一个有趣的事实，它表明了日本帝国主权体系的参与。少

In this research, we examined the materials for wood coffins excavated from tumuli in the Kofun Period, as making trial of a research based on the theory of archaeological remains study. The outline of this research is as follows; We carried out wood species identifications of wood coffins, and accumulated investigation examples. Simultaneously we made a nationwide database of investigated examples of the wood species of excavated coffins, and based on them, analyzed regionality/hierarchy characteristics and some changes for the each stages. The identified wood species data of 165 examples has becollected. The ratio of Gymnospermae (needle-leaf trees) and Angiospermae( broadleaf trees) is 91%: 9%. Especially, use of Japanese umbrella pine( Sciadopitys verticillata) form 51% of the whole, and we can see a clear tendency for a distribution of Japanese umbrella pine coffins to be restricted to the area of Kinki district and the periphery. As other wood species, there are a little Japan ce … More dars (Cryptomeria japonica) and Japanese cypresses (Chamaecyparis obtusa), but the clear selectivity of use which is seen by the Japanese umbrella pines is not recognized in these. In the area of Kinki and the periphery the rate of Japanese umbrella pines is near 90% at the early and mid Kofun Period. However, this rate decreased in the late Kofun Period, and in the 7th century A. D. the selectivity no longer was seen. It is thought that the factor of this situation was lack of the resources by mass consumption of Japanese umbrella pine woods. Since the framework of the selective use area of Japanese umbrella pine woods did not change through the Kofun Period, the existence of a certain timbers supply system which supplied Japanese umbrella pine woods is assumed. Moreover, supplying with Japanese umbrella pine timbers for coffins to the Baekjae Imperial mausoleums was performed in the 6-7th century A. D.. This is interesting as a fact which suggests a participation in the system of the Japanese Imperial sovereignty. Less