The Theoretical and Comparative Study of the Development of the Theories of Human Rights in Social Law in Britain

2000年欧盟《基本权利宪章》结束了传统公民权利与现代社会权利的二分法，将公民权利与社会权利融为一体，使英国劳动法中的人权理论得到发展。英国学术界劳动法律师对基本权利进行了重构，试图建立劳动法所需要的人权概念，并以这些概念作为英国劳动法各种监管技术的基础，英国的雇佣合同理论中似乎也有人权理论的发展。一些著名的学术界劳工法律师认为，普通法中所隐含的维持相互信任和信心的义务可能具有足够的灵活性和开放性，可以作为《欧洲公约》中某些（并非全部）权利的主体。上述意见以法律的事件的形式，在雇佣合约中规定雇主有尊重人权的义务，说明劳工法中的人权理论需要在多层次上发展，以回应社会、经济、政治环境的改变所带来的雇佣关系的改变。

Considering the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union 2000 which ends the dichotomy of traditional civil rights and modern social rights, and merges civil rights with social rights, the theories of human rights in labour law are developing in Britain. Restructuring fundamental rights, academic labour lawyers try to build the concepts of human rights which labour law needs, and use those concepts as bases for various regulatory techniques of labour law in Britain.There also seems to be the development of theories of human rights in the theories of contract of employment in Britain. Opinion that the implied common law duty of maintaining mutual trust and confidence might be sufficiently flexible and open-ended to serve as host to some (not all) European Convention rights, is suggested by some leading academic labour lawyers. The above opinion uses the legal incident form to impose a duty to respect human rights on employers in contract of employment.As stated above, this study makes clear that the development of the theories of human rights in labour law on mulititiered levels is needed to respond to the change of employment relations brought by the changes of social, economic and political situations.