Fitness between Global Operation and Management

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It is commonly seen among major Japanese companies that they maintain ethno-centric management style based in their head offices for customers in their home countries. Followed by the study on Japanese general trading firms and shipping companies, international management of non-manufacturing firms is further researched in this study project.Overseas branch offices of international airlines appear to have a diverse set of nationalities while Japanese airlines assign mostly Japanese nationalities to general managers of branch offices.While international airlines have many similarities in their businesses, the reason of diversity of nationalities would give us precious material for further insight on the international management of Japanese firms.With questionnaires to General Managers of 50 airlines which locate offices in Japan and interview to the head of U.S. operation of two leading Japanese airlines and their HRM managers in head offices, fitness between global operation and management by head office personnel of local personnel was analyzed.It turned out that ethno-centric management style is not only peculiar with Japanese firms but also common in foreign airlines. However, Japanese airlines' heavy dependency on Japanese passengers form service, operation and management of organization only for Japanese.