A comparative Study of News Changes after 9/11 in Leading TV News Programs in two Countries Japan and U.S. 2004

这项研究考察了美国9·11恐怖袭击后，四大洲主要全国性晚间新闻节目(BBC、CBS、Globo和NHK)在新闻内容和新闻风格上的变化。对四家电视台编辑和主播的深度采访显示，活动结束后，以先进的传播技术汇聚了更多种类的新闻来源。还对2004年为期3周的四个新闻节目进行了内容分析。研究发现，尽管新闻故事相似，但报道风格在新闻来源、措辞和视角方面都不同。许多先前的研究人员提到，911事件后，新闻业变得情绪化。然而，尽管CBS在911事件后变得更加情绪化和民族主义，但这种情况并没有在其他国家发生。我们的内容分析证明，四个国家的所有新闻节目都高度依赖政府新闻来源，特别是国际新闻和外国新闻。同样的事件被不同的词语所框定。通过使用这些词语，对国际冲突的框定改变了人们对事件的印象。每一档节目都非常关注国内新闻。由于国际新闻可以被认为是国外的国内新闻，CBS被认为是四家中最具本土导向的电视台。9/11等全球性事件影响了新闻来源方面的新闻制作过程。然而，新闻政策不会因为这样的事件而改变太多。至于报道的客观性，所有的研究问题都与这一问题有关。在实践中，客观报道一般强调澄清信息和记者意见之间的差异。但如果记者真的想要客观地报道，他们必须审查新闻制作的整个过程。

This study examines the changes in news contents and differences in news styles among leading nationwide evening news programs (BBC, CBS, Globo and NHK) in four continents after the September 11 terrorist attack in the U.S.. In-depth interviews with editors and anchors of the four stations revealed that a lager variety of news sources was gathered with advanced communication technology after the event. Content analysis of four news programs for a 3-week period in 2004 was also conducted. The study finds that despite similar news stories, reporting styles were different in terms of news sources, wording and perspective.Many previous researchers mentioned that journalism had become emotional after 9/11. However, although CBS became more emotional and nationalistic after 9/11, it did not happen in other countries. Our content analysis proved that all news programs in four countries highly depended on governmental news sources, especially for international news and foreign news. Same events were framed with different words. By using these words, framing for international conflicts changed the impressions of events. Every single program focused on domestic news very much. For international news can be considered as home news abroad, CBS is thought to be the most home oriented station among four. Global events such as 9/11 have influenced news making process regarding news source. However, news making policies might not be changed so much by such events.As for objectivity in reporting, all research questions are partly related to the issue. Objective reporting in practice has generally put emphasis on clarifying differences between information and the opinions of reporters. But if journalists really want to be objective in reporting, they must examine the whole process of news making.