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Seed dispersal by animals and colonization of broad-leaved trees into conifer plantations

动物传播种子和阔叶树向针叶树种植园的殖民

基本信息

批准号：
15580128
负责人：
SONE Koichi
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
Kagoshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Seed dispersal by frugivorous birds into the cedar plantation.The seeds of fruit-producing trees dropped to the ground just under and near the canopy of mother trees. Therefore, the dropping of these seeds was observed only in the area nearby the edge of the plantation and the border with the broad-leaved forest. However, the seeds were dispersed throughout the cedar plantation by feeding of fruits by frugivorous birds. The field census and the examination of contents of feces of captured birds in the field showed that the brown-eared bulbul was the most promising seed dispenser of fruit-producing trees in the study forest. They dispersed seeds of fruiting trees not only in the broad-leaved forest, the main seed source, but also in the surrounding areas of study site into the plantation. The distribution pattern of seeds dispersed by frugivorous birds in the plantation was partly determined by the pathway of the birds to and from the fruiting trees in the adjacent broad-leaved forest.D … More ispersal of gravelly-dispersed seeds (acorns) by granivorous mice.In the study forests, resident granivorous mice, Apodemus speciosus and A.argenteus, inhabits throughout the study period. The home ranges of some resident mice contained both the broad-leaved forest and the cedar plantation, suggesting that they usually utilize both types of forests as their habitat. Acorns of Pasania edulis, dominant tree species of the broad-leaved forest, dropped under the canopy or surrounding area of mother trees. Therefore, in the cedar plantation, P.edulis acorns dropped only in the adjacent areas to the broad-leaved forest. The acorns set on the floor of the board-leaved forest were transported and cached by the mice. They transported and cached about 1/4 to 1/2 of the acorns set on the forest floor into the cedar plantation. The spacing of cached acorns overlapped with the home ranges of resident mice that contained the release stations of the acorns. Same of the acorns cached by the mice escaped from predation by the mice till the next summer. Granivorous mice could play an important role in the colonization of tree species that produced gravelly-dispersed seeds into conifer plantations.Colonization into and establishment of seedlings and saplings of broad-leaved trees in the cedar plantation.In the cedar plantation, about 17,500 seedlings and saplings of 86 species of broad-leaved trees were recorded. These seedlings and saplings were distributed throughout the cedar plantation. But their density was higher in the area nearby the edge of the plantation and the border with the broad-leaved forest. The distribution patterns of seedlings and saplings of broad-leaved trees in the plantation might be affected by the seed production (masting) in the adjacent broad-leaved forest, acorn transportation by granivorous mice, and transportation of seeds by frugivorous birds into the plantation. Less

食果鸟类将种子传播到雪松种植园。果树的种子落在母树树冠下或附近的地面上。因此，仅在种植园边缘附近和阔叶林边界观察到这些种子的掉落。然而，种子被散布在整个雪松种植园的果实喂养的食果鸟类。野外调查和野外捕获鸟类粪便成分分析表明，褐耳白头翁是研究林中最有希望的果树种子传播者。它们不仅将种子散布在主要种子来源的阔叶林中，而且还将研究地点周围地区的果树种子散布到种植园中。食果鸟类在种植园中传播种子的分布格局部分取决于鸟类往返于相邻阔叶林中结果树的路径 ...更多信息在研究森林中，在整个研究期间，居住的食谷小鼠，Apodemus speciosus和A.argenteus栖息。一些留居鼠的活动范围包括阔叶林和雪松种植园，这表明它们通常利用这两种类型的森林作为栖息地。阔叶林优势树种紫果木的橡子掉落在母树的树冠或周围区域。因此，在杉木种植园中，香柏橡子仅在阔叶林的邻近区域掉落。落在板叶森林地板上的橡子被老鼠运送和储藏起来。他们将森林地面上大约1/4到1/2的橡子运送到雪松种植园。缓存橡子的间距与居住小鼠的家庭范围重叠，这些家庭范围包含橡子的释放站。同样的橡子被老鼠藏起来，直到第二年夏天才被老鼠捕食。食草鼠在针叶树人工林中的定殖过程中起着重要作用，它能产生砾石种子。在雪松种植园林中，食草鼠定殖到阔叶树幼苗和幼树中，并建立了幼苗和幼树。这些幼苗和树苗分布在整个雪松种植园。但在种植园边缘及与阔叶林交界处密度较高。阔叶树幼苗和幼树在种植园中的分布格局可能受到邻近阔叶林的种子生产（桅杆）、食谷鼠的橡子运输和食果鸟类的种子运输的影响。少