Seed dispersal by animals and colonization of broad-leaved trees into conifer plantations

种子由食果鸟类传播到雪松种植园。结果实的树的种子掉到地上，正好落在母树的树冠下和附近。因此，这些种子的掉落只在人工林边缘和阔叶林边缘附近的区域观察到。然而，种子通过食果性鸟类的果实传播到整个雪松种植园。野外普查和野外捕获鸟类粪便含量检测表明，褐耳白头翁是研究林产果树最有前途的播种器。他们不仅把果树的种子撒在主要的种子来源阔叶林里，而且还把研究地点的周边地区撒进了人工林。果食性鸟类在人工林中传播的种子的分布格局部分取决于鸟类进出邻近阔叶林中果树的途径。D…更多的是由食粒鼠传播的砾石种子(橡子)。在整个研究期间，居住在研究森林中的食粒鼠，大姬鼠和黑线姬鼠。一些家栖鼠的栖息地既有阔叶林又有雪松人工林，这表明它们通常同时利用这两种类型的森林作为栖息地。阔叶林的优势树种--百喜果，落在母树的树冠下或周围。因此，在雪松人工林中，橡子只落在阔叶林附近的区域。放在板叶林地板上的橡子被老鼠运输和缓存。他们将森林地面上种植的约1/4至1/2的橡子运输并储存到雪松人工林中。缓存的橡子的间距与包含橡子释放站的常驻老鼠的家园范围重叠。老鼠储存的同样的橡子逃脱了老鼠的捕食，直到第二年夏天。在雪松人工林中，记录到86种阔叶树约17500株幼苗和树苗的定植。这些树苗和树苗分布在雪松人工林的各处。但在人工林边缘和阔叶林交界处，其密度较高。阔叶树幼苗和幼树在人工林中的分布格局可能受到邻近阔叶林的种子生产(桅杆)、食粒小鼠的橡子运输和食果鸟类向人工林的种子运输的影响。较少

Seed dispersal by frugivorous birds into the cedar plantation.The seeds of fruit-producing trees dropped to the ground just under and near the canopy of mother trees. Therefore, the dropping of these seeds was observed only in the area nearby the edge of the plantation and the border with the broad-leaved forest. However, the seeds were dispersed throughout the cedar plantation by feeding of fruits by frugivorous birds. The field census and the examination of contents of feces of captured birds in the field showed that the brown-eared bulbul was the most promising seed dispenser of fruit-producing trees in the study forest. They dispersed seeds of fruiting trees not only in the broad-leaved forest, the main seed source, but also in the surrounding areas of study site into the plantation. The distribution pattern of seeds dispersed by frugivorous birds in the plantation was partly determined by the pathway of the birds to and from the fruiting trees in the adjacent broad-leaved forest.D … More ispersal of gravelly-dispersed seeds (acorns) by granivorous mice.In the study forests, resident granivorous mice, Apodemus speciosus and A.argenteus, inhabits throughout the study period. The home ranges of some resident mice contained both the broad-leaved forest and the cedar plantation, suggesting that they usually utilize both types of forests as their habitat. Acorns of Pasania edulis, dominant tree species of the broad-leaved forest, dropped under the canopy or surrounding area of mother trees. Therefore, in the cedar plantation, P.edulis acorns dropped only in the adjacent areas to the broad-leaved forest. The acorns set on the floor of the board-leaved forest were transported and cached by the mice. They transported and cached about 1/4 to 1/2 of the acorns set on the forest floor into the cedar plantation. The spacing of cached acorns overlapped with the home ranges of resident mice that contained the release stations of the acorns. Same of the acorns cached by the mice escaped from predation by the mice till the next summer. Granivorous mice could play an important role in the colonization of tree species that produced gravelly-dispersed seeds into conifer plantations.Colonization into and establishment of seedlings and saplings of broad-leaved trees in the cedar plantation.In the cedar plantation, about 17,500 seedlings and saplings of 86 species of broad-leaved trees were recorded. These seedlings and saplings were distributed throughout the cedar plantation. But their density was higher in the area nearby the edge of the plantation and the border with the broad-leaved forest. The distribution patterns of seedlings and saplings of broad-leaved trees in the plantation might be affected by the seed production (masting) in the adjacent broad-leaved forest, acorn transportation by granivorous mice, and transportation of seeds by frugivorous birds into the plantation. Less