Interior air pollution in automotive cabins by volatile organic compounds and estimation of absorption of them in occupants

本研究以日本国产的私人用汽车为研究对象，调查了由于车内材料的有机物扩散而引起的车内空气污染，并得出以下结论.在机舱内部空气中共鉴定出275种有机化合物，包括许多脂肪烃和芳香烃。此外，在车厢内还发现了几种与汽车中大量使用的塑料、橡胶和树脂有关的特征化合物。高浓度的脂肪烃和芳烃是造成机舱内空气污染的主要化合物.车内温度和汽车出厂天数是影响车内有机物浓度的主要因素。其浓度较高，尤其是产后和夏季.豪华汽车的车厢内空气污染更为明显，这些汽车有真皮座椅、真皮方向盘或高端目录价格。内饰材料和汽车等级（档次）等规格差异对车内空气污染的贡献比制造商更显著.使用状况如日常通风和停车环境、吸烟和空气清新剂的使用也会影响车厢内的长期空气质量。在交付后不久，汽车内的空气被普遍污染，特别是被从最初存在于车厢内的内部材料中扩散出来的非常高浓度的各种化学品污染。应降低汽车车厢内部空气中所有挥发性有机化合物的浓度总和（TVOC浓度），以防止对驾驶员和乘客的健康产生不利影响。

Air pollution in cabins due to organic compounds diffusing from the interior materials was investigated in Japanese domestically produced private-use cars, and following conclusions were achieved.1. A total of 275 organic compounds, involving many aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, were identified in the interior air of the cabins. In addition, several characteristic compounds related to plastics, rubbers and resins, which are abundantly used in the cars, were found in the cabins.2. The aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons of high airborne concentrations were demonstrated to be the main compounds contributing to air pollution in the cabins.3. Interior temperature and days lapsed from the delivery of the cars as new car were suggested to be the main factors affecting the interior concentrations of the organic compounds. Their concentrations were high especially immediately after delivery and in summer.4. Interior air pollution was more marked in the cabins of luxury cars, with leather seats or leather steering wheels or high-end catalog prices. Differences of specifications such as interior materials and automobile rank (grade) contributed more markedly than the manufacturer to interior air pollution in the cabins.5. Usage status such as everyday ventilation and parking environment, smoking and use of air fresheners also affected the long-term interior air quality of the cabins.6. The interior air in the cars immediately after delivery was suggested to be universally contaminated especially by very high concentrations of a large variety of chemicals diffusing from the interior materials originally present in the cabins.7. The sum of the concentrations for all of volatile organic compounds (TVOC concentration) in the interior air of an automotive cabin should be reduced to prevent adverse effects on the health of the drivers and passengers.