Interior air pollution in automotive cabins by volatile organic compounds and estimation of absorption of them in occupants

在日本国产私家车上，对车内有机化合物扩散造成的舱内空气污染进行了调查，得出了以下结论。在机舱内的空气中发现了275种有机化合物，涉及许多脂肪烃和芳香烃。此外，在车厢内还发现了几种与塑料、橡胶和树脂有关的特征化合物，这些物质在汽车中大量使用。空气中高浓度的脂肪烃和芳香烃是造成舱内空气污染的主要化合物。室内温度和新车交付天数是影响室内有机化合物浓度的主要因素。它们的浓度很高，特别是在分娩后即刻和夏季。车内空气污染在豪华车的舱位上更为明显，豪华车的座椅是真皮的，方向盘是真皮的，价格也是高端的。内饰材料、汽车等级(等级)等规格的差异对舱内空气污染的贡献率高于制造商。日常通风和停车环境、吸烟和使用空气清新剂等使用状况也会影响机舱内长期的空气质量。有人认为，汽车内的空气在交付后立即受到普遍污染，特别是从车厢内原来存在的材料中扩散出来的大量化学物质的浓度非常高。应降低汽车驾驶室内部空气中所有挥发性有机化合物的浓度总和(TVOC浓度)，以防止对驾驶员和乘客的健康造成不利影响。

Air pollution in cabins due to organic compounds diffusing from the interior materials was investigated in Japanese domestically produced private-use cars, and following conclusions were achieved.1. A total of 275 organic compounds, involving many aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, were identified in the interior air of the cabins. In addition, several characteristic compounds related to plastics, rubbers and resins, which are abundantly used in the cars, were found in the cabins.2. The aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons of high airborne concentrations were demonstrated to be the main compounds contributing to air pollution in the cabins.3. Interior temperature and days lapsed from the delivery of the cars as new car were suggested to be the main factors affecting the interior concentrations of the organic compounds. Their concentrations were high especially immediately after delivery and in summer.4. Interior air pollution was more marked in the cabins of luxury cars, with leather seats or leather steering wheels or high-end catalog prices. Differences of specifications such as interior materials and automobile rank (grade) contributed more markedly than the manufacturer to interior air pollution in the cabins.5. Usage status such as everyday ventilation and parking environment, smoking and use of air fresheners also affected the long-term interior air quality of the cabins.6. The interior air in the cars immediately after delivery was suggested to be universally contaminated especially by very high concentrations of a large variety of chemicals diffusing from the interior materials originally present in the cabins.7. The sum of the concentrations for all of volatile organic compounds (TVOC concentration) in the interior air of an automotive cabin should be reduced to prevent adverse effects on the health of the drivers and passengers.