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A study of American library philosophy in the first half in the 20^<th> century and its contemporary significance : Pierce Butler's thinking about books and its position from the viewpoint of media theory

20世纪上半叶美国图书馆哲学研究及其当代意义——媒介理论视域下的皮尔斯·巴特勒对图书的思考及其立场

基本信息

批准号：
16500153
负责人：
WAKAMATSU Akiko
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Seigakuin University (2005)University of the Ryukyus (2004)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Pierce Butler has been studied focusing on his later writings at the University of Chicago. From the viewpoint of media theory, I reconsidered Butler's library philosophy through examining not only his writings but also his practice and its theoretical background at the Newberry Library.The incunabula collection which Butler built in his Newberry years indicates two important characteristics of cultural change : the process of the spread of printing and the process of modern book formation. He chose representative incunabula of various printers, specimens of various printing types which showed the change from block letters to roman letters, and examples to show the development stage in the characteristics of printed books such as the title-page, pagination, table of contents, index and so on. Butler was not only interested in analytical bibliography but also paid attention to social change, such as the expression of various thoughts, the development of modern science, the expansion of arts and sciences publication, the uplift of the sense of the rights of authorship, and the standardization of language by the spread of native language publications. Butler's ideas about books, the basics of his library philosophy, are common to a viewpoint of media studies in the latter half in the 20th century, which is to analyze the cultural influence of printing as a change of the human mind and social structure. Compared with today's media studies, a shortage is seen in Butler's evidence. However, I consider Butler to be a pioneer, who treated books in relation to social history and considered the invention of printing as a revolution in media communication.

皮尔斯·巴特勒在芝加哥大学的研究集中在他后来的著作上。本文从媒介理论的角度，通过对巴特勒的著作、他在纽贝里图书馆的实践及其理论背景的考察，重新审视了巴特勒的图书馆哲学。巴特勒在纽贝里时期建立的图书馆藏书反映了文化变迁的两个重要特征：印刷术的传播过程和现代书籍的形成过程。他选择了具有代表性的各种印刷商的样本、展示从印刷体字母到罗马字母变化的各种印刷类型的样本，以及展示印刷书籍特征的发展阶段的例子，如标题页、页码、目录、索引等。巴特勒不仅对分析目录学感兴趣，而且还关注社会变革，如各种思想的表达、现代科学的发展、文理出版物的扩大、作者权利意识的提高、母语出版物的传播使语言规范化等。巴特勒的图书观是其图书馆哲学的基础，与世纪后半期媒介研究的一种观点是相通的，即把印刷作为人类思想和社会结构的变化来分析其文化影响。与今天的媒介研究相比，巴特勒的证据是不足的。然而，我认为巴特勒是一个先驱，他把书籍与社会历史联系起来，并认为印刷术的发明是媒体传播的一场革命。