Construction of selection and mating systems for maximizing genetic diversity in animal populations with overlapping generations

构建选择和交配系统，以最大限度地提高重叠世代动物种群的遗传多样性

• 批准号: 14560241
• 负责人: NOMURA Tetsuro
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: Kyoto Sangyo University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14560241/
• 关键词: genetic diversity; animal population; overlapping generations; coancestry; selection; 集団の有効な大きさ; 選抜システム; 交配システム; コンピュータシミュレーション; 近交退化; 有害劣性遺伝子; 致死相当量

Minimization of the average coancestry in a population has been theoretically proven to be the most efficient method to preserve genetic diversity. In the present study, based on a population genetic model, two selection methods to minimize the average coancestry in populations with overlapping generations were developed. For a given parental coancestry structure, the first method (OG) minimizes the average coancestry in the next generation, and the second method (LT) is designed to minimize the long-term accumulation of coancestry. The efficiencies of the two selection methods were examined by stochastic simulation. Compared to the method with random selection of parents, the annual effective population sizes under the two propose methods increased to 2-3 folds. The difference among the two selection methods was small in a population with short generation interval. For populations with long generation intervals, OG method showed a slightly larger annual effective size in an initial few years. However, in the proceeding years, LT method gave a 5-15% larger annual effective size than OG method. From these results, it is suggested that LT method would be preferred to OG method in most practical situations.

在理论上，最小化群体中的平均共同祖先是保持遗传多样性的最有效方法。基于群体遗传模型，提出了两种使世代重叠群体的平均共祖先最小化的选择方法。对于一个给定的双亲共祖先结构，第一种方法（OG）最小化下一代的平均共祖先，第二种方法（LT）旨在最小化共祖先的长期积累。通过随机模拟检验了这两种选择方法的有效性。与随机选择亲本的方法相比，两种方法的年有效群体量增加2-3倍。在世代间隔较短的群体中，两种选择方法间的差异较小。对于世代间隔较长的种群，OG法在最初几年的年有效大小略大。然而，在过去的几年中，LT方法给出的年有效规模比OG方法大5-15%。从这些结果可以看出，在大多数实际情况下，LT方法比OG方法更可取。

项目成果

T.Honda: "Monitoring of genetic diversity in the Japanese Black cattle population by the use of pedigree information."Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics. (in press). (2004)

T.Honda：“利用谱系信息监测日本黑牛种群的遗传多样性。”动物育种与遗传学杂志。

T.Honda: "Gene dropping analysis of founder contributions in a closed Japanese Black cattle population."Animal Science Journal. 73. 105-111 (2002)

T.Honda：“对封闭的日本黑牛群体中创始人贡献的基因下降分析。”动物科学杂志。

T.Honda, T.Nomura, M.Fukushima, F.Mukai.: "Gene dropping analysis of founder contributions in a closed Japanese Black cattle population."Animal Science Journal. 73. 105-111 (2002)

T.Honda、T.Nomura、M.Fukushima、F.Mukai.：“对封闭的日本黑牛群体中创始人贡献的基因下降分析。”动物科学杂志。

Takeshi Honda: "Monitoring of genetic diversity in the Japanese Black cattle population by the use of pedigree information"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics. (印刷中). (2004)

Takeshi Honda：“利用谱系信息监测日本黑牛种群的遗传多样性”动物育种和遗传学杂志（2004 年出版）。

Tetsuro Nomura: "Effective size of populations with unequal size ratio and variation in mating success"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics. 118. 297-310 (2002)

Tetsuro Nomura：“大小比例不等的种群有效规模和交配成功率的变化”动物育种与遗传学杂志。