Longitudinal Analysis of Physical Factors Affecting the Walking Pattern and Ability of Elderly Local Residents

在已完成体力、步行能力等基本调查的当地老年居民中，在2年零6个月至3年的暂停后再次调查实际步行状态，并分析指示步行模式和能力变化的身体参数。7.6%的男性受试者和12.9%的女性受试者观察到步行模式改变，16.6%的男性和27.3%的女性受试者的步行时间改变。这些变化最常发生在75岁左右。男女受试者的股四头肌肌力、单腿站立时间、10 m越障时间和6 min步行距离，女性受试者的单腿站立时间和上身抬高频率均反映了步行模式的变化。步行时间反映在多个体力因素中。纵向分析的结果与以往的横截面分析的结果基本一致。要使老年人健康地行走，保持独立生活，就必须加强步行能力、下肢肌力和平衡能力的训练，可从股四头肌肌力、单腿站立时间、10 m越障时间和6 min步行距离等方面进行评价。特别是在单腿站立时，单腿站立时间的减少可以作为步行模式改变的标准率。当地老年人单腿站立时间标准率为65-69岁40分钟，70-74岁30分钟，75-79岁20分钟，80岁以上10分钟。但在老年设施中，无法检测到指示步行模式和能力变化的物理参数。

In elderly local residents in whom basic investigations on physical strength, walking ability, etc. had been completed, the actual state of walking was investigated again after a pause from 2 years and 6 months to 3 years, and the physical parameters indicating changes in walking pattern and ability were analyzed. Changes in walking pattern were observed in 7.6% of male subjects and 12.9% of female subjects, and the walk time changed in 16.6% and 27.3% of male and female subjects, respectively. These changes most frequently occurred around 75 years of age. Changes in walking pattern were reflected in the following physical abilities: the force of femoral quadriceps muscle, the time of one leg standing, the time of 10 m-walking beyond barriers and the distance attained by 6-min walking in both male and female subjects, and in the time of one leg standing and the frequency of upper body rising in female subjects. The walk time was reflected in multiple physical strength factors. The results of this longitudinal analysis nearly agreed with those of previous cross-sectional analysis. For the elderly to have healthy walking and to stay independent, it is important to train the walking ability, the muscle force of lower extremities and balancing ability, that can be evaluated from in the force of femoral quadriceps muscle, the time of one leg standing, the time of 10 m-walking beyond barriers and the distance attained by 6 min-walking. Especially in the time of one leg standing, decreasing of the time of one leg standing could pick up as a standard rate for changing of walking pattern. Standard rate of the time of one leg standing in elderly local residents is 40 minutes in 65-69 years, 30 minutes in 70-74 years, 20 minutes in 75-79 years and 10 minutes over 80 years. But in elderly facilities, the physical parameters indicating changes in walking pattern and ability could not be detected.