Research on citizen's participation and mutual support of Turnverein in modern Germany.

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The purpose of this research is in the consideration of the function of physical exercise association, Turnverein that was established in the first half of the 19th century, from the viewpoint of the citizen's participation and the mutual support activity. Turnverein that people of various classes and ages have joined was a base of formation of the German modern civil society and had a suitable character as civil publicness.To achieve the purpose of this research, the following historical materials ware collected : Rule of association, Turnverein and voluntary fire fighting group, Turnerfeuerwehr, the minutes, statistical material, organization paper etc. It tried to clarify the mutual support activities of the Turnverein (Foundation of various safes, Work of lending books, Work of support to wandering workman etc.) by using these historical materials.Results of research are as follows. First, it became to be able to collect and to arrange the historical materials about the citizen's p … More articipation and the mutual support activities. Especially, it brought important results in the history of Turnverein, because in the academic circles in Germany the arrangement of historical materials about the relation between Turnverein and Turnerfeuerwehr is not quite insufficient. Secondarily, the situation of various support to the wandering workman in Turnverein were interpretable with the viewpoint of the mutual support activities. Thirdly, it relates to the first point, research paper concerning the activities of the Turnerfeuerwehr that was released for the first time in academic circles in Japan, was able to be published. The image about the active area of Turnverein seems surely to have extended with the understanding off Turnerfeuerwehr.In the historical academic circles in Germany, additionally, contents of the association in the relation with the formation and changing of the modern civil society are reexamined. The following, therefore, will be able to be confirmed. Through the clarification of a concrete activity of Turnverein and Turnerfeuerwehr as association in the civil society, this research brought the result in the research not only the history of Germany sports but also the German modern history. Less