A Research on acceptance of two types of town planning -belt shaped town and plane type town - in early modern castle towns

本研究主要探讨近代早期城堡城镇规划体系的性质，并将带状城镇规划体系之前的平面型规划体系的形成和变迁与带状城镇规划体系的城堡城镇的出现进行比较，就带状城镇区的形成而言，这种类型在近代早期的将台型城堡城镇中可以看到。在带型中，城堡和旧城区之间有2-3条街道并排，城镇是该地区的经济基础，因此新城堡的设计是为了容纳旧城区。这种类型的土地分配在小牧和岐阜都是由织田信长创建的。这种规划在后期的几个幕府型城镇中也有，因此这种土地分配方式被认为是当时幕府型城镇的基本规划。中期的集山型城镇或寺庙附属型城镇（自内町）中出现了另一种城市规划，即平面型城市规划。在这类城镇中，城镇内部也出现了社会等级的分化，考察这两类城镇的变迁过程，大坂城镇是最有利的样本之一。天马县内町曾经进行过带状城镇规划，街道两侧都有土地分配，因此认为县内町已经变成了带状城镇。后来，天马吉内町被迁移到京都，改造为带状、两侧式的城镇规划。总之，在近代早期的城镇建设中，进行了从平面式城镇规划到带状规划的改造。

This research is focused on the nature of these town planning systems in the early modern castle town, and the comparison of the formation and transition of the plane type plan which is thought to be preceded by the belt-shaped type with the emergence of the castle town with the belt-shaped town planning.As for the formation of the belt-type town ward, this type can be seen in Shokuhou-type castle towns in early modern period. In the belt-type, there are 2-3 streets situated side by side between the castle and old town area, and the town had been the economic base of its area, so the new castle town was designed to take in the old area.This type of land allotment is found in Komaki and Gifu founded by Oda Nobunaga. This type of planning can be found at several castle towns of Shokuhou-type in the later phase, so this type of land allotment was thought to be the basic town planning of the Shokuhou-type castle town in that period.Another type of town planning, plane type town planning, emerged in the Middle period in shu-son aggregated town or temple attached type towns (jinai-machi town). In this type of town the differentiation in social hierarchy was found inside the town.To examine the changing process of two types, Osaka castle town is one of the most favorable samples. In Temma jinai-machi town, there had been belt shape town planning, and allotments were arranged on both sides of the street, so the jinai-machi town was assumed to have been changed into belt-type one. Later, the temmajinai-town was removed to Kyoto, and reformed into belt-type, both-sides town planning.In conclusion, during the construction of early modern castle town, restructuring of plane type town planning into the belt-type plan was undertaken.