Research into Mutual Help Network from the Viewpoint of Folklore Sociology

互助传统上分为三种类型。一个是“Yui”，指的是通过交换劳动力来帮助种植水稻和重建房屋的互惠。第二个是“Moyai”，指的是再分配。为了换取从共同商店获得商品的权利，当地人有义务维持共同的资源库。最后，“Tetsudai”指的是在葬礼和婚礼仪式上的支持，不需要金钱交换。这些习俗几乎已从现代生活中消失。然而，在现代的一些公民活动中，互助的传统仍然表现出来。源于土著条件的互助社会制度有助于克服“公地悲剧”。日本社会由于现代化而发生了变化。然而，社会行动的一个方面至少在精神上一直存在。本研究的目的也是为了说明互助在从传统向现代的过渡中如何保持重要性，如何发生变化，如何为日本社会的发展做出贡献。在日本和亚洲，现代社会不妨重新审视这种互助网络，以寻求解决公共和私人社会问题的方法。

Mutual help was traditionally divided into three types. One is 'Yui', which refers to reciprocity in helping to plant rice and reroof houses by exchanging labor. The second is 'Moyai', which refers to redistribution. In exchange for the right to get goods from a common store, local people had the obligation to maintain a common pool of resources. Finally, 'Tetsudai' refers to support in funeral and wedding ceremonies requiring no monetary exchange. These customs have almost disappeared from modern life. However, the tradition of mutual help is still manifest in some modern civic activities. The social system of mutual help arising from indigenous conditions contributed to overcome the 'tragedy of the commons'. Japanese society has changed from the past as a result of modernization. However, there is one aspect of social action that has persisted at least in spirit. The purpose of the research is also to show how mutual help remains important, has been transformed in the transition from tradition to modernity, and has contributed to the development of Japanese society. Modern society might do well to review such mutual help networks in search of ways of solving both public and private social problems in Japan and in Asia as well.