A study on cultural differences in thought using inference tasks

为了达到理论研究的目的，我引入了双过程理论，对Nisbett等人的主张进行了分析和整体加工。(2001)，被认为处于个人主义文化中的西方人倾向于进行分析性思维，而被认为处于集体主义文化中的东方人倾向于进行整体思维。然而，根据双重过程理论，整体思维系统是跨文化共性的，因此分析思维系统中存在着文化差异。为了解决这种不一致性，我提出了一个修正的双过程模型，该模型通过人们如何使用为分析思维提供的能力来解释思维中的文化差异。这一理论将发表在《头脑与社会》杂志上。它的实证研究是关于事后诸葛亮的偏见。它是对日本人、韩国人、英国人和法国人的跨文化研究。在法国的实验得到了日本和法国联合研究计划KREUS计划的资助。2006年，我提出，人类可以隐式访问和显式访问导致事后诸葛亮的“复杂模型”。这是在伦敦推理研讨会上提出的：David Over 60岁生日的Festschrift(标题为《条件性推理和后见之明偏见：对英国、法国、韩国和日本的跨文化研究》)。在这次实验中，我使用了条件推理来检验后见之明偏见，在下一次实验中我使用了情景。

In order to achieve a theoretical study, I introduce dual process theories that suppose two systems of analytic and holistic processing to the claim of Nisbett et al. (2001) that Westerners who are assumed to be in individualistic culture are likely to do analytic thought whereas Easterners who are assumed to be in collectivist culture are inclined to do holistic thought. However, according to the dual process theories, the system of holistic thought is universal across cultures, and thus cultural differences are in the system of analytic thought. In order to resolve the inconsistency, I propose a revised dual process model that cultural differences in thought are explained by how people use the capacity that is provided for analytic thought. This theory is to be published in Mind and Society.Its demonstrative research is run dealing with hindsight bias. It is a cross-cultural study of Japanese, Koreans, British, and French. The experiment in France was supported by the grant of CHRUS program (a joint research program of Japan and France). I propose that humans have implicit access and explicit access to a 'complex model' that causes hindsight bias in 2006. This was presented at the London Reasoning Workshop : Festschrift for David Over's 60^<th> Birthday (the title is 'Conditional reasoning and hindsight bias : a cross-cultural study of British, French, Koreans, and Japanese). I examined hindsight bias using conditional in this experiment, and I used scenarios in the next experiment.