权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

A study on cultural differences in thought using inference tasks

使用推理任务研究思维中的文化差异

基本信息

批准号：
16530483
负责人：
YAMA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
Kobe College
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In order to achieve a theoretical study, I introduce dual process theories that suppose two systems of analytic and holistic processing to the claim of Nisbett et al. (2001) that Westerners who are assumed to be in individualistic culture are likely to do analytic thought whereas Easterners who are assumed to be in collectivist culture are inclined to do holistic thought. However, according to the dual process theories, the system of holistic thought is universal across cultures, and thus cultural differences are in the system of analytic thought. In order to resolve the inconsistency, I propose a revised dual process model that cultural differences in thought are explained by how people use the capacity that is provided for analytic thought. This theory is to be published in Mind and Society.Its demonstrative research is run dealing with hindsight bias. It is a cross-cultural study of Japanese, Koreans, British, and French. The experiment in France was supported by the grant of CHRUS program (a joint research program of Japan and France). I propose that humans have implicit access and explicit access to a 'complex model' that causes hindsight bias in 2006. This was presented at the London Reasoning Workshop : Festschrift for David Over's 60^<th> Birthday (the title is 'Conditional reasoning and hindsight bias : a cross-cultural study of British, French, Koreans, and Japanese). I examined hindsight bias using conditional in this experiment, and I used scenarios in the next experiment.

为了实现理论研究，我引入了双重过程理论，假设两个系统的分析和整体处理的Nisbett et al.（2001）的主张，即西方人谁被认为是在个人主义文化可能会做分析性思维，而东方人谁被认为是在集体主义文化倾向于做整体性思维。然而，根据双重过程理论，整体思维系统是跨文化的，因此文化差异存在于分析思维系统中。为了解决这一矛盾，我提出了一个修正的双重过程模型，即思维中的文化差异是由人们如何使用分析思维的能力来解释的。这一理论将发表在《心灵与社会》上，其实证研究是针对后见之明偏见进行的。这是一个跨文化的研究日本，韩国，英国和法国。法国的实验得到了CHRUS计划（日本和法国的联合研究计划）的资助。我建议，人类有隐式访问和显式访问一个“复杂的模型”，导致后见之明偏见在2006年。这是在伦敦推理研讨会上提出的：大卫60^岁<th>生日的纪念活动（标题是“条件推理和后见之明偏见：对英国人、法国人、韩国人和日本人的跨文化研究”）。在这个实验中，我使用了条件句来检验后见之明偏差，在下一个实验中，我使用了情景。