A study on cultural differences in thought using inference tasks

为了实现理论研究，我引入了双重过程理论，假设分析和整体处理两种系统Nisbett等人（2001）的主张，即被认为处于个人主义文化中的西方人可能会进行分析思维，而被认为处于集体主义文化中的东方人倾向于进行整体思维。然而，根据双重过程理论，整体思维的体系是跨文化的，因此文化差异存在于分析思维的体系中。为了解决这种不一致，我提出了一个修正的双重过程模型，即思维中的文化差异可以通过人们如何使用分析思维所提供的能力来解释。这一理论将发表在《心灵与社会》杂志上。它的实证研究是在处理后见之明偏见的情况下进行的。这是对日本人、韩国人、英国人和法国人的跨文化研究。法国的实验得到了CHRUS项目（日本和法国的联合研究项目）的资助。我提出，人类对“复杂模型”有隐性和显性的访问，这在2006年导致了后见之明的偏见。这是在伦敦推理研讨会上提出的：David Over 60岁生日的纪念活动（标题是“条件推理和后见之明偏见：英国、法国、韩国和日本的跨文化研究”）。在这个实验中，我用条件法检验了后见之明，在下一个实验中，我用了情景法。

In order to achieve a theoretical study, I introduce dual process theories that suppose two systems of analytic and holistic processing to the claim of Nisbett et al. (2001) that Westerners who are assumed to be in individualistic culture are likely to do analytic thought whereas Easterners who are assumed to be in collectivist culture are inclined to do holistic thought. However, according to the dual process theories, the system of holistic thought is universal across cultures, and thus cultural differences are in the system of analytic thought. In order to resolve the inconsistency, I propose a revised dual process model that cultural differences in thought are explained by how people use the capacity that is provided for analytic thought. This theory is to be published in Mind and Society.Its demonstrative research is run dealing with hindsight bias. It is a cross-cultural study of Japanese, Koreans, British, and French. The experiment in France was supported by the grant of CHRUS program (a joint research program of Japan and France). I propose that humans have implicit access and explicit access to a 'complex model' that causes hindsight bias in 2006. This was presented at the London Reasoning Workshop : Festschrift for David Over's 60^<th> Birthday (the title is 'Conditional reasoning and hindsight bias : a cross-cultural study of British, French, Koreans, and Japanese). I examined hindsight bias using conditional in this experiment, and I used scenarios in the next experiment.