Regulation and Potential Growth Rate : Analysis Based on Firm and Industrial Level Data

为了考察放松管制对经济增长的影响，我们与经济贸易和工业研究所合作创建了一个行业监管指数。该指数和日本工业生产率数据库(JIP数据库)的详细说明可在Fukao等人中找到。在Nakanishi和Inui(2007)中，我们对1975-2002年间放松管制对工业全要素生产率(TFP)和产出增长的影响进行了实证分析。分析表明，放松管制对这一时期的生产率和产出增长都有积极影响，尤其是在非制造业。Inui和Matsuda(2007)实证分析了商业周期与日本工业加价率之间的关系。我们发现，与其他行业相比，在竞争激烈且监管较少的行业，加价配额的变动是顺周期的。除了放松管制的影响外，…为了更多地提高工业生产率，我们还考察了全球化和资本陈旧对日本公司在平成、犬井和东道(2006a)、(2006b)和德井、犬井和Ochiai(2007)的全要素生产率增长的影响。我们的分析表明，日本企业通过对外直接投资和外包实现的全球化对国内企业的绩效有积极的影响，比如他们的生产率增长。Tokui、Inui和Ochiai(2007)证明了通过对日本公司进行新的资本投资而实现的具体技术变革的重要性。这些结果表明，为了实现更高的生产率增长，有必要通过进一步放松管制来促进外包和新投资。Nakanshi(2005)研究了IT资本在日本制造业中的外部性，发现外部性的增加会导致劳动力使用量的减少。Nakanishi(2006)的实证结果表明，IT资本对日本GDP增长有显著的正向影响。较少

In order to examine the effects of deregulation on economic growth, we created an index of industry regulation in cooperation with the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry. A detailed explanation of the index and Japanese Industry Productivity data base (JIP data base) is found in Fukao, et al. (2006).In Nakanishi and Inui (2007), we conducted an empirical analysis of the impact of deregulation on the industrial total factor productivity (TFP) and output growths in the period between 1975 and 2002. The analysis revealed that the deregulation had positive impacts on both productivity and output growths in that period, especially in the non-manufacturing industries.Inui and Matsuda (2007) analyze the relationship between the business cycle and the Japanese industrial mark-up ratio, empirically. We find that the mark-up rations in the competitive and less regulated industries move pro-cyclically comparing to those in the other industries.In addition to the effect of deregulat … More ion on the industrial productivity, we also examined the effects of globalization and the capital vintage on the Japanese firms' TFP growths in Hijzen, Inui and Todo(2006a), (2006b) and Tokui, Inui and Ochiai(2007). Our analyses showed that Japanese firms' globalization through outward foreign direct investments and outsourcing has positive impact on domestic firms' performance, such as their productivity growth. Tokui, Inui and Ochiai(2007) prove the importance of the embodied technical change realized through new capital investments in Japanese firms. These results imply that promotion of outsourcing and new investments through further deregulation is necessary in order to achieve a higher productivity growth.Nakanshi (2005) examines the externalities of IT capital in Japanese manufacturing industries and finds that increase in the externalities results in a decrease in the use of labor. Nakanishi's (2006) empirical results show that IT capital has a significant positive impact on GDP growth in Japan. Less