Inflnence on the odult female life of maltreatment in childhood.

这项研究是基于这样一种假设，即儿童时期的虐待会对受害者的成年生活产生影响。调查不仅调查了父母的身体和情感暴力，而且调查了四种类型的暴力：（1）对其伴侣的暴力，（2）其伴侣对其的暴力，（3）对其子女的暴力，（4）伴侣对其子女的暴力。为了弄清受害的保护因素和加重因素，本调查还调查了儿童时期的自我效能感、父母对抚养的态度、成年后的人际关系、对育儿的态度以及最近的主观幸福感。调查对象是通过两步提取法随机抽取的5,000名30多岁的东京女性。该样本来自一般女性人群，以排除大多数针对特定人群（如住院患者）的儿童虐待研究中发现的样本偏倚。调查问卷邮寄给被调查者，对1,027份有效答卷进行分析，结果显示，儿童受父母侵害的次数越多，成年后虐待伴侣的次数越多，成年后被伴侣虐待的次数越多，父母和伴侣对儿童使用暴力的次数也越多。然而，他们与伴侣之间的暴力行为也受到日常关系的影响，对子女的暴力行为同时受到父母态度和对子女照顾态度的影响。此外，成年后的人际关系、童年时期的自我效能感以及童年时期的受害经历也会影响他们近期的主观幸福感。这些结果表明，成年后的调整水平由于上述因素而不同，即使儿童时期的受害水平相同。

This research is based on the hypothesis that abuse as a child will have an influence on the adult life of the victim. The survey investigated not only physical and emotional violence by parents but also four types of violence : 1)violence against their partners, 2)violence against them by their partners, 3)violence against their children, 4)partner violence against their children. To clarify protective and aggravating factors of the victimization, this survey also investigated their self-efficacy in childhood, their parental attitudes toward upbringing, their interpersonal relationships in adulthood, their attitudes toward child care, and their recent subjective happiness.The subjects consisted of 5,000 Tokyo females in their 30's, randomly selected by a two-step extraction method. This sample came from the general female population to exclude the sample bias found in most research on child maltreatment, which targeted specific populations, such as inpatients. The questionnaire was mailed to the subjects, and 1,027 valid responses were analyzed.The results show that the more children are victimized by their parents, the more they abuse their partners as adults, the more they are abused by their partners as adults, and the more they and their partners used violence toward their children. However, the violence between themselves and their partners was also influenced by their daily relationships, and violence toward their children was influenced by their parents' attitudes and their attitude to child care at the same time. Additionally, their recent subjective happiness was influenced by their interpersonal relationships after adulthood and self-efficacy in childhood, as well as their victimization as a child. These results showed that the level of the adjustment after their adulthood varied as a result of the above factors even though the level of victimization as children was the same.