Interdisciplinary study for an elucidation of correlation between Paleolithic industries and Paleoenvironmental change

根据从12个已知标本中的9个获得的新的和先前发表的放射性碳测年数据，对日本长毛象（Mammuthus primigenius）的年代记录进行了重新评估。日期范围从45,000 RCYBP到16,000 RCYBP。来自北海道东部的古诺曼齿给出了大约30000 RCYBP的放射性碳年代。北海道的花粉分析结果表明，长毛象从俄罗斯远东经库页岛迁移到北海道时，在寒冷/干燥的气候条件下发育了种类繁多的禾草植物。与此同时，大约30年的气候略有改善，被称为MIS 3。在此期间，北海道的植被以落叶阔叶树和北方针叶树为主。我们使用旧石器时代遗址的tephra和AMS 14C数据进行调查，为北海道提供了可靠的地理年代框架。在微型刀片工业中，刀片工业被分配到Spfa-a（约45000 - 40000 CALYBP）和En-a（约45000 - 40000 CALYBP）之间的计时单位。21,000-19,000 CALYBP)，而各种微刀片工业站点则在En-a之后。在22,000-20,000 RCYBP之间，微叶片、叶片和片状产业似乎与寒冷环境有关，以开阔的森林针叶林为代表，草原平原居住着长毛象。相比之下，本州的小片工业（bbb24,000 -27,000 RCYBP，可能>30,000 RCYBP）与由落叶阔叶林组成的温暖或凉爽环境有关，这与本州的人类遗迹有关。因此，初步认为，在约30,000 RCYBP之后，岩屑工业的变化与气候环境波动有关。

The chronological record of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) in Japan is reevaluated, on the basis of new and previously published and radiocarbon dates obtained from nine of the 12 known specimens. The dates range from ca. 45,000 RCYBP to 16,000 RCYBP. Palaeoloxodon naumanni from eastern Hokkaido gave a radiocarbon date of ca. 30,000 RCYBP.Pollen analysis results in Hokkaido showed that a huge variety of grass plants developed under cold/dry climatic conditions during inhabited by woolly mammoth that migrated to Hokkaido from the Russian Far East via Sakhalin. Meanwhile, ca. 30 was a slightly climate amelioration, referred to as MIS 3. During this period, the vegetation of the Hokkaido was dominated by deciduous broadleaf trees with boreal conifers.Our investigations using tephra and AMS 14C dates from Paleolithic sites have provided a reliable geochronological framework in Hokkaido. A microblade industry, blade industries are assigned to a chronometric unit between Spfa-a (ca. 45,000-40,000 CALYBP) and En-a(ca. 21,000-19,000 CALYBP), while various microblade industries sites postdate En-a.It appears that microblade, blade, and flake industries around 22,000-20,000 RCYBP were associated with cold environments, represented by open forest taiga with grassy plains inhabited by woolly mammoth. In contrast, small flake industries (>24,000-27,000 RCYBP and perhaps >30,000 RCYBP in Honshu) were related to warm or cool environments consisting of deciduous broadleaf forests as suggested by the P naumanni remains from Honshu. Thus it tentatively appears that changes in lithic industries related to climate environmental fluctuation after ca. 30,000 RCYBP.