Interdisciplinary study for an elucidation of correlation between Paleolithic industries and Paleoenvironmental change

根据从12个已知标本中的9个标本获得的新的和以前公布的放射性碳测年，重新评估了日本猛犸象的年代学记录。日期从大约45,000卢比到16,000卢比不等。北海道东部的古长毛象的放射性碳测年约为3万RCPBP。北海道的花粉分析结果表明，在长毛象栖息期间，在寒冷/干燥的气候条件下发育了大量的草本植物，它们从俄罗斯远东地区经由库页岛迁徙到北海道。同时，约30年是气候的轻微改善，称为MIS3。在此期间，北海道的植被以北方针叶落叶阔叶树为主。我们利用旧石器时代遗址的Tephra和AMS 14C数据进行的研究提供了一个可靠的北海道年代学框架。作为微刀片工业，刀片工业被分配到SPFA-a(约45,000-40,000 CALYBP)和EN-a(约21,000-19,000 CALYBP)之间的一个计时单位，而各种微刀片行业的地点可以追溯到EN-A。看起来，大约22,000-20,000 RCyBP的微刀片、刀片和薄片工业与寒冷的环境有关，以开阔的森林泰加为代表，草原上居住着猛犸象。相比之下，小型鳞片工业(本州的24,000-27,000 RCyBP和可能&GT；30,000 RCyBP)与由落叶阔叶林组成的温暖或寒冷环境有关，这一点由来自本州的P Naumanni遗骸提出。因此，初步认为石材行业的变化与约30,000 RCyBP以后的气候环境波动有关。

The chronological record of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) in Japan is reevaluated, on the basis of new and previously published and radiocarbon dates obtained from nine of the 12 known specimens. The dates range from ca. 45,000 RCYBP to 16,000 RCYBP. Palaeoloxodon naumanni from eastern Hokkaido gave a radiocarbon date of ca. 30,000 RCYBP.Pollen analysis results in Hokkaido showed that a huge variety of grass plants developed under cold/dry climatic conditions during inhabited by woolly mammoth that migrated to Hokkaido from the Russian Far East via Sakhalin. Meanwhile, ca. 30 was a slightly climate amelioration, referred to as MIS 3. During this period, the vegetation of the Hokkaido was dominated by deciduous broadleaf trees with boreal conifers.Our investigations using tephra and AMS 14C dates from Paleolithic sites have provided a reliable geochronological framework in Hokkaido. A microblade industry, blade industries are assigned to a chronometric unit between Spfa-a (ca. 45,000-40,000 CALYBP) and En-a(ca. 21,000-19,000 CALYBP), while various microblade industries sites postdate En-a.It appears that microblade, blade, and flake industries around 22,000-20,000 RCYBP were associated with cold environments, represented by open forest taiga with grassy plains inhabited by woolly mammoth. In contrast, small flake industries (>24,000-27,000 RCYBP and perhaps >30,000 RCYBP in Honshu) were related to warm or cool environments consisting of deciduous broadleaf forests as suggested by the P naumanni remains from Honshu. Thus it tentatively appears that changes in lithic industries related to climate environmental fluctuation after ca. 30,000 RCYBP.