Interdisciplinary study for an elucidation of correlation between Paleolithic industries and Paleoenvironmental change

根据12个已知标本中9个的新的和以前发表的放射性碳年代测定结果，重新评价了日本长毛猛犸（Mammuthus magnius）的年代记录。日期范围从CA。45，000 RCYBP至16，000 RCYBP。北海道东部的Palaeoloxodonnaumanni的放射性碳年代测定结果为约1000年。北海道的花粉分析结果表明，在从俄罗斯远东经库页岛迁移到北海道的猛犸象居住期间，在寒冷/干燥的气候条件下生长出了大量的草。与此同时，CA。30是一个轻微的气候改善，被称为MIS 3。在这一时期，北海道的植被主要是落叶阔叶树和北方针叶树。我们的调查使用火山灰和AMS 14 C年龄的旧石器时代遗址提供了一个可靠的地质年代学框架在北海道。一个微型刀片行业，刀片行业被分配到一个计时单位之间的Spfa-a（约。45，000 - 40，000 CALYBP）和En-a（ca. 22，000 - 20，000 RCYBP左右的微刀片、刀片和薄片工业似乎与寒冷的环境有关，以开阔的森林针叶林为代表，草原上居住着毛茸茸的猛犸。与此相反，小型的薄片工业（> 24，000 - 27，000 RCYBP，在本州可能> 30，000 RCYBP）与温暖或凉爽的环境有关，包括落叶阔叶林，正如本州的P naumanni遗骸所建议的那样。因此，初步认为石器产业的变化与气候环境波动有关。30，000卢比。

The chronological record of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) in Japan is reevaluated, on the basis of new and previously published and radiocarbon dates obtained from nine of the 12 known specimens. The dates range from ca. 45,000 RCYBP to 16,000 RCYBP. Palaeoloxodon naumanni from eastern Hokkaido gave a radiocarbon date of ca. 30,000 RCYBP.Pollen analysis results in Hokkaido showed that a huge variety of grass plants developed under cold/dry climatic conditions during inhabited by woolly mammoth that migrated to Hokkaido from the Russian Far East via Sakhalin. Meanwhile, ca. 30 was a slightly climate amelioration, referred to as MIS 3. During this period, the vegetation of the Hokkaido was dominated by deciduous broadleaf trees with boreal conifers.Our investigations using tephra and AMS 14C dates from Paleolithic sites have provided a reliable geochronological framework in Hokkaido. A microblade industry, blade industries are assigned to a chronometric unit between Spfa-a (ca. 45,000-40,000 CALYBP) and En-a(ca. 21,000-19,000 CALYBP), while various microblade industries sites postdate En-a.It appears that microblade, blade, and flake industries around 22,000-20,000 RCYBP were associated with cold environments, represented by open forest taiga with grassy plains inhabited by woolly mammoth. In contrast, small flake industries (>24,000-27,000 RCYBP and perhaps >30,000 RCYBP in Honshu) were related to warm or cool environments consisting of deciduous broadleaf forests as suggested by the P naumanni remains from Honshu. Thus it tentatively appears that changes in lithic industries related to climate environmental fluctuation after ca. 30,000 RCYBP.