Changes in the specificity of the interaction between cell growth/differentiation factors and glycosaminoglycans during development and differentiation.

糖胺聚糖（Glycosaminoglycans, GAGs）是一种由重复双糖单元组成的复合硫酸酸化多糖，存在于动物组织中。在GAG链中发现的高度不均匀的硫酸化模式以及GAG与蛋白质因子的特定分子相互作用参与了各种生物过程的调节。为了阐明发育过程中精细结构的改变与生长因子结合特异性的变化之间的关系，我们进行了以下实验。此外，为了更好地了解硫酸软骨素（CS）链的结构-功能关系，还开发了在低pmol下测定CS寡糖序列的高灵敏度方法。从非洲爪蟾4个不同发育阶段的胚胎中分离出硫酸肝素链和硫酸CS/皮聚糖链，并对其结构和生长因子结合能力进行了比较。使用BlAcore系统进行的生长因子结合实验…More表明，GAGs结合了一些具有类似亲和力的生长因子，但在发育过程中，这些亲和力发生了显著变化。这些结果表明，与生长因子特异性相互作用的糖类序列的表达可能在非洲爪蟾胚胎发生过程中受到调控。对九头蛇的gag进行了表征。抗gag抗体免疫染色表明，抗软骨素抗体473Al2表位定位于发育中的刺丝囊，这是刺胞动物特有的刺细胞器。软骨素或CS蛋白多糖可能为线虫囊成分的组装提供了环境，也可能是线虫囊的组成成分。从鲨鱼软骨CS-C和鱿鱼软骨CS-E中分离到多种新的八糖和十糖，并利用新开发的测序方法测定了它们的糖序列。这些结构明确的寡糖被应用于几种广泛使用的抗cs抗体的表位表征。少

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are complex sulfated polysaccharides with a backbone structure composed of a repeating disaccharide unit and occur in animal tissues. Highly heterogeneous sulfated patterns found in the GAG chains and the specific molecular interactions of GAGs with protein factors are involved in the regulation of various biological processes. To elucidate the relation between alterations in the fine structure and the changes in the specificity of the growth factor-binding during development, the following experiments were carried out. Furthermore, to better understand the structure-function relation of chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains, the highly sensitive method to determine CS oligosaccharide sequences at low pmol was also developed.1. Heparan sulfate and CS/dermatan sulfate chains were isolated from four different stages of Xenopus laevis embryos and their structure and growth factor-binding capacities were compared. Growth factor-binding experiments using a BlAcore system … More demonstrated that GAGs bound some growth factors with comparable affinities, which are, however, significantly varied during development. These results suggested that expression of saccharide sequences, which specifically interact with a growth factor, might be regulated during Xenopus embryogenesis.2. GAGs of Hydra magnipapillata were demonstrated and characterized. Immunostaining using anti-GAG antibodies showed that the epitope of anti-chondroitin antibody 473Al2 was localized in the developing nematocysts, which is a sting organelle specific to cnidarians. The chondroitin or CS proteoglycans might furnish an environment for assembling nematocyst components, and might be components of nematocysts.3. A variety of novel octa-and decasaccharides were isolated from shark cartilage CS-C as well as squid cartilage CS-E, and their saccharide sequences were determined using the newly developed sequencing method. These structurally-defined oligosaccharides were applied for characterization of the epitopes of several widely used anti-CS antibodies. Less