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植物中に含まれる草食哺乳動物の摂食忌避成分と,その化学生態学的意義の解明

阐明植物中排斥草食哺乳动物摄食的成分及其化学生态意义

基本信息

批准号：
02250231
负责人：
林雄二
金额：
$ 1.54万
依托单位：
Osaka City University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

生物間相互作用物貭の研究は最近数多く行われており,植物・動物間の相互作用のうち,植物成分と昆虫の間では極めて興味深い作用物貭が種々報告されて来た。しかし,更に高等な草食哺乳動物と植物成分との相互作用に関与する物貭が見出された報告は殆んど見当らない。私達は奈良公園で鹿が食べない植物の代表として知られるナギとイワヒメワラビの成分をこれまでに検索し,興味ある新しい化合物を見出して来たが,これらが鹿の摂食忌避と結びつく知見を見出せずにいた。そこで,小形の草食動物としてモルモットを用い,定性的な摂食忌避試験を指標としてナギの葉の成分をしらべた。酢酸エチル可溶部に忌避活性がある事が判ったので分画を繰返し,最終的にはアセチル化後,三種の化合物をアセタ-トとして單離,構造決定し,これらがナギラクトンC,ナギラクトンA,1ーデオキシー2,3ーエポキシナギラクトンAの各々のアセタ-トである事を知った。これらの化合物のもとのアルコ-ル体は,これ迄にナギから得た既知化合物であるので,標品を用いて作用を調べたところ,忌避活性を示すことが明らかになった。ナギ葉の抽出物に対するモルモットの摂食忌避は致命的なものであり,粗抽出物を添加した人工飼料だけで飼育すると,摂食量ゼロのまゝ体重は減少し続け,約三週間後に餓死する。これはナギラクトン類の忌避が,單純な動物の嗜好等に基づくものではなく強い毒性によるものと推定される。今までに知られているナギラクトン類の生物活性,たとえば,昆虫の幼虫や白アリに対する毒性,がん細胞に対する細胞毒性などが高等動物に対しても作用をもつ事を示している。現在,他の鹿に対して摂食忌避性をもつ植物の活性成分の探索と,より定量的な信頼のおける結果を与える生物試験法の開発を検討中である。

The study of interactions between organisms has been widely used recently, interactions between plant animals are very important, and plant components such as insects are very active in the study of deep-smelling substances. More advanced herbivorous and lactation animals, plant composition interaction, plant composition, plant composition, plant composition, In Nara, the deer, the deer, the plant, the food, the plant, the food, the food, the plant, the food, the food, the Small herbivore, herbivorous animals, herbivorous The soluble part of oxalic acid was used to avoid the activity of sorrel. After the most active compounds were isolated, the three compounds were isolated, and the three compounds were isolated, the compounds were separated, the compounds were isolated, the compounds were separated, the compounds were isolated, the compounds were separated, the compounds were separated, the compounds were isolated, the compounds were separated, the compounds were isolated, the compounds were separated, the compounds were isolated, the compounds were isolated, the compounds were separated, the compounds were isolated, the compounds were separated, the compounds were isolated, the compounds were separated, the compounds were isolated, the compounds were separated, the compounds were isolated, the compounds were separated, the compounds were isolated, the compounds were separated, the compounds were isolated, the compounds were separated, the compounds were isolated, and the compounds were The chemical compound is known to be known to the body, the known compound is known, the label is used to act on the compound, and the repellent activity is indicated by the repellent activity. The crude extract was filled with artificial ingredients, the food intake, the weight, the food, the weight, the There is no need to avoid drugs, such as hobbies and hobbies, etc., and there is a strong risk of toxicity. Now we know that the biological activity, biological activity, insect larvae, insect larvae and insect larvae. At present, the active ingredient of the plant in the diet of avoiding sex food is explored, and the quantitative results are compared with the results of the biological method.