Clock : Absolute Age and Establishment of Dynamic Clock depending on Rithms of Depositional Laylers of Marine Bed

(1)我们在现有的ICP质谱仪中引入了多收集器系统。由于传感器的倍增，铅同位素浓度的测量精度达到0.01%。我们成功地发展了一种激光取样方法，并获得了10-15微米尺度的小区域同位素谱。(2)构建了扫描X射线分析显微镜。用此测量样品并鉴定冷凝层。将所获得的数据转换成时间序列，确定了时间序列的周期。利用电子自旋共振（ESR）显微镜，对钻孔岩芯和牙齿化石等中的石膏微晶进行了测量，分析了石膏的过去环境及其与石膏生长速度的关系。(3)通过数值模拟研究了太阳系的稳定性。然后我们发现太阳系在目前的条件下稳定了几十亿年。本文研究了潮汐力矩由于大陆和海洋的变化以及月球的粘性而引起的变化。通过这一工作，我们阐明了大陆和海洋的分布是如何影响动力钟和地月系统演化的。(4)对K/T分界线附近的地质记录与crater形成的相关性进行了统计检验，得出了物种灭绝更可能发生在太阳系与分子云的碰撞中，而不是与小行星的碰撞。(5)宇宙线的源成分被检查，并确认其与超新星爆炸的关系。然后考察了原始太阳系中地球形成的条件，得到了地球形成的物理边界。

(1) We introduced a multiple-collector system into the present ICP mass spectroscope. Due to multiplication of sensors, the precision of 0.01% was achieved for determination of Pb isotope density. We succeeded to develep a laser sampling method and obtained isotope spectroscopy for small areas even with 10-15 microns scale.(2) A scanning X-ray analyzer microscope was constructed. Samples were measured with this and condensed layers were identified. Converting the obtained data into time series, periods of rithms were determined. We constracted an electron spin resonance (ESR) microscopy and measured gypsum microcrystals in bore cores and fossil teeth, etc. and analyzed the past environment and its relation to the growth speed of rithms.(3) The stability of the solar system was examined by numerical simulation. Then we found that the solar system is stable for several billion years under the present conditions. We studied the change of tidal torque due to variations of continents and oceans and due to viscocity of the Moon. By this work, we clarified how the distribution of continents and oceanms affects the dynamic clock and the evolution of Earth-Moon system.(4) Statistical tests were made for the correlation between the formation of crators and the goelogical records around the K/T boundary, and we obtained an understand that the extermination of species was more likely occured through the encounter of the solar system with molecular clouds than the colision with asteroids.(5) The source composition of cosmic ray was examined and its relation to supernova explosions was confirmed. Then conditions to form the earth in the primitive solar system were investigated and we obtain physical boundaries.