Clock : Absolute Age and Establishment of Dynamic Clock depending on Rithms of Depositional Laylers of Marine Bed

我们在现有的ICP质谱仪中引入了一个多收集器系统。由于传感器的倍增，测定Pb同位素密度的精度达到0.01%。我们成功地开发了一种激光采样方法，并获得了10-15微米尺度的小区域的同位素光谱。(2)构建扫描x射线分析显微镜。用这种方法对样品进行了测量，并确定了浓缩层。将获得的数据转换成时间序列，确定节律周期。我们构建了电子自旋共振（ESR）显微镜，测量了钻孔岩心和牙化石等的石膏微晶体，分析了过去的环境及其与节奏生长速度的关系。(3)通过数值模拟检验了太阳系的稳定性。然后我们发现，在目前的条件下，太阳系在几十亿年内是稳定的。我们研究了由于大陆和海洋的变化以及月球的黏性所引起的潮汐力矩的变化。通过这项工作，我们阐明了大陆和海洋的分布如何影响地月系统的动态时钟和演化。(4)对陨石坑的形成与K/T边界附近地质记录的相关性进行了统计检验，认识到物种的灭绝更可能发生在太阳系与分子云的相遇，而不是与小行星的碰撞。(5)研究了宇宙射线的源成分，确定了它与超新星爆炸的关系。然后研究了原始太阳系中地球形成的条件，得到了地球的物理边界。

(1) We introduced a multiple-collector system into the present ICP mass spectroscope. Due to multiplication of sensors, the precision of 0.01% was achieved for determination of Pb isotope density. We succeeded to develep a laser sampling method and obtained isotope spectroscopy for small areas even with 10-15 microns scale.(2) A scanning X-ray analyzer microscope was constructed. Samples were measured with this and condensed layers were identified. Converting the obtained data into time series, periods of rithms were determined. We constracted an electron spin resonance (ESR) microscopy and measured gypsum microcrystals in bore cores and fossil teeth, etc. and analyzed the past environment and its relation to the growth speed of rithms.(3) The stability of the solar system was examined by numerical simulation. Then we found that the solar system is stable for several billion years under the present conditions. We studied the change of tidal torque due to variations of continents and oceans and due to viscocity of the Moon. By this work, we clarified how the distribution of continents and oceanms affects the dynamic clock and the evolution of Earth-Moon system.(4) Statistical tests were made for the correlation between the formation of crators and the goelogical records around the K/T boundary, and we obtained an understand that the extermination of species was more likely occured through the encounter of the solar system with molecular clouds than the colision with asteroids.(5) The source composition of cosmic ray was examined and its relation to supernova explosions was confirmed. Then conditions to form the earth in the primitive solar system were investigated and we obtain physical boundaries.