Material transports associated with large-scale waves and their seasonal and interannual variations

本文研究了对流层和平流层大尺度大气波的非线性行为，并建立了一系列数值模式。还用一些示踪模型研究了与这些波有关的物质输运过程。通过对长期数值积分记录和全球观测资料的分析，阐明了波浪行为的季节依赖性、年际变化和趋势。模型开发：开发了一个在超级计算机上有效求解一些典型几何形状的地球物理流体运动的数值库。作为模型的应用试验，研究了旋转球体上的二维衰减湍流和旋转浅水系统中的重力波辐射。行星波：采用简化物理过程的全球环流模式，研究了赤道QBO风对冬季行星波和平均经向环流的影响。结果表明，基于足够长数据的大样本方法是显示QBO效应统计显著性的有力工具。为了研究冬季平流层的水平混合和输运屏障，利用1990年以来9年的同化数据进行了局地Lyapunov稳定性分析，并计算了许多粒子的拉格朗日轨迹。通过这些分析，量化了混合的年际变化。斜压波：利用理想海温对大气GCM进行长时间积分，以研究局地风暴路径的动力学。结果表明，中纬度海温经向梯度的非纬向（西-东）分量是决定海温定位的最重要因素。赤道重力波：首先利用中尺度非流体静力数值模式模拟了从地表到低层热层（约100 km高度）对流重力波的产生、传播和破裂过程。提出了一种基于卫星红外辐射观测资料估算赤道地区对流波的方法并进行了试验。少

Nonlinear behaviors of large-scale atmospheric waves in the troposphere and the stratosphere were investigated with a hierarchy of numerical models, which we have been developed and used. Material transport processes associated with these waves were also studied with some tracer models. Seasonal dependence, interannual variations, and trends of the wave behaviors were also clarified by analyzing long records of numerical time-integrations and global observation data.1. Model development : A numerical library to solve geophysical fluid motions in some typical geometries efficiently in supercomputers has been developed. As application tests of the models, 2-D decaying turbulence on a rotating sphere and gravity wave radiation in a rotating shallow water system are investigated.2. Planetary waves : A global circulation model with simplified physical processes was used to investigate the effects of the equatorial QBO winds on planetary waves and mean meridional circulation in the winter he … More misphere. It was demonstrated that large sample method based on long enough data is a powerful tool to show the statistical significance of the QBO effects. In order to study horizontal mixing and transport barrier in winter stratosphere, assimilated data for 9 years from 1990 were used to do local Lyapunov stability analysis and compute Lagrange trajectories of many particles. Interannual variations of the mixing were quantified with these analyzes.3. Baroclinic waves : Long time integrations of an atmospheric GCM were done with an idealized SST to investigate the dynamics of localized storm tracks. It was found that the most important factor to determine the localization is nonzonal (west-east) component of the meridional gradient of SST in mid-latitudes.4. Equatorial gravity waves : Generation, propagation and breaking processes of convectively generated gravity waves were firstly simulated with a meso-scale non-hydrostatic numerical model from the surface to the lower thermosphere (about 100 km height). An estimation method of convectively generated waves in the equatorial region based on satellite observations of IR radiation was developed and tested. Less