Biologically Active Key Compounds of Protozoan Ciliates

1.日本血吸虫纤毛虫的接合是由互补交配类型I和II之间的相互作用所诱导的，这两种交配类型分别分泌白花素(GAMONE 1)和百合酮(GAMONE 2)。Gamone 1转化II型细胞，使它们能够结合，Gamone 2类似地转化I型细胞。测定了从GAMONE I中分离得到的四种多肽的部分氨基酸序列。以交配型mRNA为模板，通过快速扩增的方法获得了GAMONE-1基因。该序列包含305个氨基酸的开放阅读框架，编码一个新的蛋白质。我们还估计了糖蛋白的糖序列由4个N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖和3个甘露糖组成。为了阐明眼睑松受体，我们设计了眼睑松光亲和标记探针。在此基础上，我们合成了一种模型化合物N-苯甲酰眼睑松龙。模型化合物没有预期的交配诱导活性，它被发现为…更多具有显著的交配抑制活性。2-1。维氏异毛虫的防御毒素在形态上类似于两种有色异毛虫Blepharisma Japan onicum和Stentor Blue uleus的无色皮质颗粒(分泌色素颗粒)，这两种异毛虫被认为是抵御捕食者的防御器官。从维氏异毛虫中分离到一种防御毒素，其结构确定为5-(Z)-非-2-烯基-苯-1，3-二醇。其结构经全合成得到严格确认。经鉴定为5-(Z，Z，Z)-十一碳-2，5，8-三烯基苯-1，3-二醇和5-(Z，Z)-十一-2，5-二烯-苯-1，3-二醇。圆螺旋藻的防御毒素异毛纤毛虫圆螺旋藻具有无色的皮质颗粒，在形态上与日本螺旋藻和蓝螺旋藻的色素颗粒相似，捕食性纤毛虫Margaritifer很少攻击圆螺旋藻。我们发现圆顶螺旋藻的乙醇提取物对马加里第鞭毛虫有毒性。一种有毒化合物螺孔蛋白的结构被鉴定为螺环-2，5--dimethyl-5，6，7，8-tetrahydronaphtalene-1，4-dione-8，6‘-pyran-2’，5‘-dione.较少

1. Conjugation of ciliate Blepharisma japonicum Conjugation in Blepharisma japonicum is induced byinteraction between complementary mating-types I and II, which excrete blepharmone (gamone 1) and blepharismone (gamone 2), respectively. Gamone 1 transforms type II cells such that they can unite, and gamone 2 similarly transforms type I cells. The partial amino acid sequence of four peptides obtained from gamone I was determined. By using mRNA from mating type, gamone 1 cDNA was isolated by rapid amplification. The cDNA sequence contains an ORF of 305 amino acids and codes a novel protein. We also estimated that the sugar sequence for the glycoprotein consisted from four N-acetylglucosamines and three mannoses.To elucidate the receptor of blepharismone, a photoaffinity label probe of blepharismone is designed. We synthesized a model compound Nbenzoyl blepharismone based on the strategy developed before. The model compbund did not have mating inducing activity as expected, it was found to … More have the significant activity ofmating inhibition.2-1. Defense toxins of Climacostomum Virens The heterotrich ciliate Climacostomum virens has colourless cortical granules morphologically similar to pignentocysts (extrusive pigment granules) in the two coloured heterotrichs, Blepharisma japonicum and Stentor coeruleus, which are known to function as defensive organelles against predators. Climacostol, a defense toxin of the heterotrich ciliate Climacostomum virens was isolated and the structure was established as 5-(Z)-non-2-enyl-benzene-1, 3-diol. The structure was rigorously confirmed by the total synthesis. The two congeners of climacostol contained in this ciliate were determined as 5-(Z, Z, Z)-undeca-2, 5, 8-trienyl-benzene-I, 3-diol and 5-(Z, Z)-undeca-2, 5-dienyl-benzene-1, 3-diol.2-2. Defense toxin of Spirostomum teres A heterotrich ciliate Spirostomum teres has colorless cortical granules that are mophologically similar to the pigment granules of B. japonicum and S. coeruleus, and the predatory ciliate D. margaritifer rarely attacks S. teres. We found the ethanol extracts of S. teres shown to be toxic to D. margaritifer. The structure of a toxic compound named spirostomin was elucidated as spiro-2,5 -dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphtalene-1,4-dione-8,6'-pyran-2',5'-dione. Less