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MEASUREMENTS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF AEROSOLS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS BY GROUND-BASED AND AERIAL OBSERVATIONS

通过地面和空中观测测量气溶胶的空间分布及其特征

基本信息

批准号：
14048230
负责人：
HATAKEYAMA Shiro
金额：
$ 52.67万
依托单位：
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14048230/
关键词：
CHINA AERIAL OBSERVATIONS HYDROCARBONS NITRATE NOx ORGANIC AEROSOLS ABC EC OC 硝酸 OC分析計エアロゾル質量分析計

项目摘要

In this research subject, we carried out experiments to analyze the dynamics of aerosols and their precursors in the atmosphere as well as to elucidate the spatial distribution of aerosols and to clarify the chemical transformation processes on the way of long-range transports. For this purpose it is indispensable to analyze the effect of the biggest emission source region, i.e., China. However, the observation experiments over China were thought impossible so far. In this study we could carry out aerial observation experiments of aerosols and air pollutants in China.1.Three times of aerial observations over China were performed in Dec. 2002-Jan. 2003, Aug.-Sept. 2003, and May-June 2004. In the vicinity of a large emission source NOx showed anti-correlation with ozone and high positive correlation with SO_2. NOx/SO_2 ratio was estimated based on those data and the recent phenomena of NOx increase and/or SO_2 decrease were confirmed by comparison with emission inventory data. Sulfates and nitrates showed good correlation with ammonium. Acidic species in aerosols over China were well neutralized with ammonia. From the analysis of organic aerosols, it became clear that there are high concentration of phthalic acid and phthalates in China.2.Continuous ground-based measurements of aerosols and their precursors were carried out in Okinawa. Analyses of transport process and chemical transformation process were made for not only sulfates and nitrates from China but also carbonaceous aerosols transported from South and/or Southeast Asia. It is a remarkable result that the seasonal variation of water soluble organic aerosols was clarified.

本研究课题通过实验分析大气中气溶胶及其前体物的动力学，阐明气溶胶的空间分布，阐明气溶胶在远距离传输过程中的化学转化过程。为此，必须分析最大排放源区域的影响，即，中国然而，迄今为止，在中国上空进行观测实验被认为是不可能的。1.在2002年12月至2003年1月、2004年8月至2005年12月、2005年8月至2006年12月、2006年8月至2007年8月、2007年8月至2008年12月、2008年12月至2009年12月、2009年12月至2009年12月、2九月2003年和2004年5月至6月。在大排放源附近，NOx与臭氧呈反相关，与SO_2呈高度正相关。根据这些数据估算了NOx/SO_2比值，并与排放清单数据进行了比较，证实了近期NOx增加和/或SO_2减少的现象。硫酸盐和硝酸盐与铵具有良好的相关性。中国上空气溶胶中的酸性组分被氨很好地中和。通过对气溶胶中有机物的分析，发现我国存在较高浓度的邻苯二甲酸和邻苯二甲酸酯。2.在冲绳进行了气溶胶及其前体物的连续地面观测。分析了来自中国的硫酸盐和硝酸盐以及来自南亚和东南亚的含碳气溶胶的输送过程和化学转化过程。这一结果对于阐明水溶性有机气溶胶的季节变化具有重要意义。