Migration of cancer cells and its regulatory mechanism

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WASP/WAVE, which induces actin polymerization is activated at the leading edge and forms lamellipodia, which generates driving force and then induces invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Under 3 dimensional culture, elongated mesenchymal cells move with protrusion, which is dependent on Rac-WAVE system. In contrast, round amoeba like cells move with blebbing without protrusion, which is dependent on Rho-actomyosin system. Fer is an oncogene which has tyrosinekinase activity. Fer has lipid binding domain, F-Bar and FX domain and tyrosine kinase domain. F-Bar and FX domain bind to PA and its binding activates tyrosine kinase and induces the phosphorylation of Cortactin and Vav2, resulting in lamellipodia formation and invasion.