Neuronal mechanisms of initiation and selection of adaptive locomotor behaviors

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To initiate locomotion, predictive postural control based on cognitive information is essential. During ongoing locomotion, real-time postural control depending on sensory signals from mechanoreceptors is also required. In the present study, attempts have been made to examine integrate mechanisms of posture and locomotion in the various areas in the central nervous system using neurophysiological, neuropharmacological and molecular genetics assessments in various mammalian animal models. Our findings suggest that cortico-reticular and cortico-cerebellar systems are involved in the "predictive postural control", and a loop with cerebral cortex cerebellum and spinal cord including muscle tone control system may play major role in the "real-time postural control".