Smart Contracts in the system of civil law, copyright and enforcement law

一件物品的效用价值并不仅仅取决于它的物质支配，而仅仅取决于使用该物品的可能性。在算法化和数字化的世界里，物体越来越多地在功能上与特定的软件紧密相连；因此，如果没有相关的软件，它们就无法实现预期的功能。在模拟的非数字化世界中，由于实际原因，不可能通过远程访问限制甚至完全消除对象的可用性。物联网（即物联网）和物联网（即物联网）的日益“智能化”，产生了新的技术影响可能性（例如共享单车或共享汽车的商业模式），其法律可行性尚未得到系统和全面的分析。该研究的主要目标是对具有数字元素的对象的预编码自动法律行为的法律可能性和限制进行全面的盘点。分析涵盖了义务法、物权法、侵权法、版权法和止赎法。这将揭示所谓的智能合约在多大程度上有可能在不违反法律的情况下使违反合同在技术上变得不可能。如果这项研究发现了监管框架中存在的任何弱点，将提出或制定改善监管框架的立法方案，然后进行评估。在法律政策方面，法律教条研究的目的是作为面向未来的基础，在短期到中期考虑根据义务法和版权法对合同安排的可接受性的变化，并在长期内辩论财产、占有和所有权概念的新概念。该文件继续了研究讨论，旨在确保法律与技术发展保持同步，并/或以前瞻性的方式塑造它们。

The utility value of a physical object is not assigned to the owner solely by his material dominion, but only by the possibility of using the object. In the algorithmized and digitized world, objects are increasingly functionally firmly connected to a specific software; therefore they cannot fulfill their intended function without the associated software. In the analogue, non-digitized world, it is not possible for factual reasons to restrict or even completely remove the usability of an object by remote access. The increasing "smarting" of objects as well as the Internet of Things, i.e., the networking of objects, give rise to new technical possibilities of influence (e.g., in bike or car sharing business models), the legal permissibility of which has not yet been systematically and comprehensively analyzed. The primary goal of the study is a comprehensive inventory of the legal possibilities and limits of pre-coded automated legal acts for objects with digital elements. The analysis covers the law of obligations, property law, tort law, copyright law, and foreclosure law. This will reveal the extent to which so-called smart contracts have the potential to make breaches of contract technically impossible without themselves violating the law. If the study uncovers any existing weaknesses in the regulatory framework, legislative options for improving it will be presented or developed and then evaluated. In terms of legal policy, the legal dogmatic study is intended to serve as a future-oriented basis for considering changes to the admissibility of contractual arrangements under the law of obligations and copyright law in the short to medium term and for debating a new conception of the notion of property, possession and ownership in the long term. The paper continues the research discussion and aims to ensure that the law keeps pace with technical developments and/or shapes them in a forward-looking manner.