Functional Relevance of Epimuscular Interactions: An Approach with Ultrasound Elastography to Reveal Aging-Related Changes

在第一阶段，（一）获得了伦理批准;（二）准备了执行第一号议定书所需的材料;（iii）通过（iv）初步实验建立装置，（v）进行方案I的实验，以及（vi）数据进行了分析。协议I测试肘屈肌活动对腕关节的影响的结果支持了我们关于肌膜肌筋膜力功能相关性的假设前臂传输：结果表明，（i）刺激肱桡肌（BR）导致腕关节屈曲扭矩显著增加。不仅激活BR，而且远端桡侧腕屈肌（FCR）的弹性模量显着增加。(ii)在随意屈腕过程中，屈腕肌的弹性模量、FCR显著增加。BR的弹性模量增加，而EMG RMS值的增加是轻微的。结果被提交并呈现为“前臂肌外膜相互作用的功能相关性：2016年7月在芝加哥举行的国际肌电图和运动学学会（ISEK）会议上，“超声弹性成像的体内评估”。数据也在（i）Katip Celebi大学，伊兹密尔，土耳其和（二）Yeditepe大学，伊斯坦布尔，土耳其.除了计划的工作，建立协议二（测试大腿肌肉在髋关节屈曲随意收缩的相互拮抗作用的影响），进行了初步工作，并在健康的年轻人中完成了协议二的实验。

During the first period, (i) ethical approval was obtained (ii) materials necessary to perform Protocol I were prepared; (iii) setup was established with (iv) preliminary experiments, (v) experiments of Protocol I were performed and (vi) data was analyzed.The results of Protocol I testing the effects of activity of an elbow flexor on the wrist joint supported our hypotheses on functional relevance of epimuscular myofascial force transmission for forearm: It was shown that (i) stimulation of brachioradialis (BR) caused a significant increase in wrist flexion torque. Elastic modulus of not only activated BR but also distant flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle increased significantly. (ii) During voluntary wrist flexion, elastic modulus of a wrist flexor, FCR significantly increased. Elastic modulus of BR increased, as well while the increase in the EMG RMS values were slight.Results were submitted and presented as ‘Functional Relevance of Epimuscular Interactions at Forearm: In vivo Assessments with Ultrasound Elastography’ in the International Society of Electromyography and Kinesiology (ISEK) Conference in Chicago in July 2016.Data was also presented in (i) Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey and (ii) Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.Additional to the planned work, setup of Protocol II (testing the effects of inter-antagonistic interactions on thigh muscles during hip flexion voluntary contraction) was established, preliminary works were performed, and the experiments of Protocol II were completed in healthy young adults.