Comparative studies on political transition : relations between preconditions and the costs of democratization, consolidation of democratic institutions

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Depending on the cost of political transition, democratization process can be divided into such patterns as soft landing, hard landing and a hybridin-between soft landing and hard landing. Even after regime transition, the quality of democracy after the transition in different countries is not necessarily the same. The preconditions for democratization, including level of economic development, the political consciousness of the middle class, the provisional status of rule of law, and the maturity of civil society, has monumental impact on the cost of political transition and the maturation of the democratic polity. In extant literature, democratization process is divided into two stages, the political transition and the consolidation of democracy thereafter. This research find it necessary to expand our scope of research to include the building of democratic infrastructure."