Studies of Mass-Accreting Black Holes through Broad-Band X-Ray Observations

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Through X-ray observations of mass-accreting black holes with the Suzaku satellite, and the MAXI experiment onboard the International Space Station, we obtained the following results. (1) We successfully reinforced the disk-corona view that describes emission from these objects when their accretion rate is relatively low. (2) Rapid spectral changes were detected from Cygnus X-1 as it displays spiky fast variations. (3) We discovered that the primary hard X-ray emission from Active Galactic Nuclei in fact consists of two distinct components, and revised previous view that regards the emission as a single component. (4) Comparing black holes with accreting neutron stars with weak magnetic fields, a unified description of thermal Comptonization process was constructed. (5) In collaboration with many domestic and foreign institutions, as well as industries, we developed the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector, to be put onboard ASTRO-H which is scheduled for lanch in 2015 as a successor to Suzaku.