A Study of The Indonesian Painting on Glass

印度尼西亚的玻璃绘画受到印度教和伊斯兰教两种文化观念的强烈影响，而另一种文化观念并没有被完全接受。玻璃画影响印尼的时间仍不清楚。我们的假设是在19世纪下半叶，它在20世纪30年代左右在爪哇很繁荣。印度尼西亚的玻璃画主要是爪哇的，所以我们可以假设它是以爪哇为中心的。中国移民画的画和大陆人画的有不同的味道。随着时间的推移，移民画家的技巧有所退化，但他们仍然保持着中国画的观念，失去了观念与材料之间的平衡。它显示了文化传播的状况，这是研究中最重要的表象。爪哇的玻璃画家在面对一种新材料——玻璃时，选择了水溶性的颜色，这是一个独特的结果。1940年以后，这种材料变成了油画颜料。这是由于画家的经济问题和油漆技术的进步，使工厂可以生产廉价和坚固的油漆。社会条件的变化导致了绘画趣味和技法的变化。这项技术随着时间的推移而退化。绘画技术是爪哇传统绘画的延续，用于大阳木偶绘画。涂料有以鱼胶为基础的胶车。中国的玻璃画技法并没有影响到印尼的绘画，因为我们可以观察到中国的玻璃画技法和老爪哇的玻璃画技法是两种不同的技法。这是非常令人惊讶的，因为中国人和爪哇人住在一起很多年了。关于这个问题，我们渴望在将来进行研究。

Indonesian painting on glass had been strongly influenced by two cultural concepts which are Hindu and Moslem religion, While the other concept was not accepted totally. The dating of when the glass paintings influenced Indonesia is still obscure. Our assumption is perhaps in the later half of nineteenth century and it was flourishing in Java around 1930s. The existence of glass paintings in Indonesia is mainly Java so we can assume that is Java-centric.The paintings painted by Chinese immigrants has different taste to those by Chinese in mainland. As times went by, the skill of immigrant painters degenerated but they still keep the concept of Chinese paintings and lose the balance between the concept and the material. It shows the condition of cultural transmission which is most important appearance in the research.Javanese glass painter choose the water soluble colour, which was a unique result when facing a new material, glass. Lately after 1940, the material changed into oil paints. It was due to the economical problem of the painters and the progress of technology on paints so that factories could produce cheap and strong paints. The changing of social condition resulting in the changing of taste and technique of painting. The technique degenerate as the time went by.The technique of painting was the Continuation of traditional painting owned by Javanese, as it was used for wayang puppets painting. The paint has the glue vehicle based on fish glue. The technique of Chinese glass painting did not influence Indonesian paintings, because we could observe that the Chinese technique and old Javanese glass painting technique are two different kinds. This is very surprising because the Chinese and Javanese are living side by side for many years. About this matter we are eager to make a research in the future.